Useful Expressions
(go straight)
_jL
irF-
;b t: abh{ 6h.:-- !.
(turn right)
_jL
4lt
.ti:: t : aH 1; �' 6u-t:.ry :!:
(turn left)
-"'? § <1>1t� � ;b t: abh{ 6 :::. "':) § <?) )1} � .ti:: t: aH h { 6
V'l::. n L/v.:·i ;,.s .i .i.fo n 1,-1::.· Uf:'.ry .i
(turn right at the first signal) (turn left at the second corner)
(cross the street)
it <?) .ti:: {,&q
�::. U'f:""Jf;:b it <?) ;b {,ijlj
h.� h':-�l;:h
(left side of the street) (right side of the street)
Directions
(north)
!: L
(west)
(south)
* *
A :
T
7:1- j -lf h.tof�1�?oj
IJ: (:::'';:"C''TfJ�o
>'Pi (ffv��(
Excuse me, where is a post office?
B : .i -? -t <,, 1t-? --c... ..=. --J § 0) � �::lot: rtB 1;:-? "C
\ \ h ? ¥) b· � h. !i' j
< t::' �
I, \0 fl\ 1�)6J
tJ: it 0) ::lo ;.�tq t: (b ry j -t J: 0>'Piiflv-"�< ;,.<;, ;l;.C'iJ'.h
Go straight and turn right at the third corner. The post office is on the right side of the street.
A : 2:::''-) b Jb ry 1;: <::: 7 :.,, �,," \ j
To
Thank you very much.
(east)
*
1
6 o.t\- r t f?.; lvo
L � � , 1" <·· ft � l 1" o
l\Iichiko: Is this your family picture. Sue?
Sue: Yes.
Michiko: Which is you?
Sue: This. I \Yas wearing glassses \Yhen I was in high school.
Michiko: You are cute.
Sue: This is my father. He works for an American company.
l\Iichiko: He is tall and handsome. Is this your elder sister?
Sue: Yes. l\ly sister is married. She liYeS in Seoul now. She has one child. He is three years old.
Michiko: I see. Oh, there is a cat. But he is a little fat.
Sue: Yes, because he eats a lot.
Robert: :\lichiko, what are you doing nO\Y?
Michiko: I'm not doing anything especially. I am looking at Sue's pictures.
Robert: I see. I haYe an interesting Yideo. so if you like, would you like to come to see it?
Michiko: That sounds good. Is it all right if Sue comes with me?
Robert: Of course.
Michiko: We'll come right now.
V o c a b u
fct- a d j e c t iv e s
r a m m a r
A verbal "te-form," when followed by the helping verb 1.' �, means either of the
follow-• 1
mg:
(a) an action in progress, or
(b) a past event that is connected with the present.
vVhich of these two senses a given verb is used in is to a large extent determined by the semantic characteristics of the verb. The verbs we have learned so far can be roughly divided into three groups based on their semantics.
(1) verbs that describe continuous states
(2) verbs that describe activities that last for some time
(3) verbs that describe changes that are more or less instantaneous
We have not seen many Group 1 verbs. So far we only have Ji> � and 1.' �. The te-forms of these verbs are never used together with the helping verb 1.' �, so we will have nothing to say about them in this section.
Many verbs belong to Group 2. They include verbs such as �""'-;, � L', and .f�-?. When
� l :
the te-form of a verb in this group is followed by the helping verb 1.' �, we have a sentence describing an action in progress.
7--� .Z. t;;t A,� 5§1 L "C '-' " .:!: i' o
� \ .t "'h.� .t 1 Sue is studying right now.
t::. t t L � .Z. t;;t � � (}) *- � �'it .Z. -r--" ' 1
-to
� \\ :_· t.i.{. J: Takeshi is reading a book in English.
You can also use a � --c 1.' .i T sentence to describe what a person does by occupation.
The first example below therefore has two interpretations: one, you are teaching English right at this moment; and two, you are an English language teacher (but are not necessar
ily in class right now).
1 The distinction between .�' � and � � that we learned in Lesson 4 does not apply to this helping verb
� -c �' �: you can use � -c �' � both for living things and for inanimate objects.
ft. tJ: * �
� � � --c '-' .i ToProfessor Yamashita knows English.
}' J.,
� A-.l.±"t?
J: ""'? � _;.�iz-? "{I.\
l To8
.... ��\5. 3Z:�iiBut in fact it "\YOuld be far more natural in Japanese to say:
Tom has long hair.
(=As for Tom, he has lo,ng hair.)
This applies not only to discussions of the length of one's hair, but to descriptions of a person's physical attributes in general.
§
.., * � "'
If nn
�;_ ,J,::'v\
A :: .0 tj: + iJ>.' ,,
� l;•;f?l,\\-\
X. hl
In idiomatic collocations, ''"e also haYe:
if•iJ>.'i�
� .... \V"(
ii�
iJi''v
\ .... \i>f�
is tall is short
is bright/ smart
Person A has a body part which is . . .
0
Te-forms for Joining SentencesIn the last lesson, we discussed the use of verbal te-forms to join sentences. "\- and
�-adjectives and "C"T after nouns also have te-forms, which can be used to combine two elements to form longer sentences.
The te-form of an "\-adjective is formed by substituting < "C for the final "\. The te-form of a lj:-adjective and a noun+ --c·-t sequence is formed by adding --c·· to the base or the
noun.
L \-adjectives: 3i:L \ ? �<<:
�·
�.--irregular: L\L\ ? �<<:
t,J. -adjectives: ]'[; 3[ ( t,J.) ? :n:;3[c
�lv � �lv�
-noun + c9: S*.A. c·9
(;: liflvt;lv ? S*Ac·
r:: liffvljfv
-� O)m
0)1Z""4�
tt � < --c, }.; "' L" \--c-·-t o
h-it t: t">
The food at that restaurant is and delicious.
� O)A.t.i"' \"::) t
--c-·,
}.; t L.; "\--c-·-to
U'l:: ItA. •
That person is always and fun to be with.
� T �� lj 8 +A.
"C'\ 1!9+ fi& <· G
"\--c··-to
\'>.i Lt:%4-it•• 1: 1!4L4 .::4l:>O?!'\•
Professor Yamashita is a and he is about forty years old.
a
verb stem+r:n<
If a person moves to another place in order to do something, we can describe their movement and its purpose this way:
(;: { �y< }
destination of movement
{
/'\.}
the purpose of movement¥�
���
tJ'�The purpose of movement can either be a noun like 1i" '�� (shopping), or a phrase
;-;· !,.lTJ
consisting of a verb, its object, and so forth. Verbs describing the purpose of a movement must be in their stem forms. Stems, as we learned in Lesson 3, are the part you get by removing .i i' from the verbs' present tense long forms.
stems:
f-"'C*9) 'Ch(*9)
etc.
T-F�- r � j!(" � l L
t:o
IJ' • •
I went to a department store to buy a bag.
;:< 7 1)- � lvt.l 8 +� � �1! L
t:o
!: !1/v t: f.:A. .:· ""'A..,� 5
Mary has come to Japan to study Japanese.
li:l
Counting PeopleThe "counter" for people is A.. but "one person" and "t,Yo people" are irregular: -A.
and :::-A. .
. ;.t, �
,_,_ '..!' 1:: �
v- 'C
ry (-A.)
Note that "to play" as used below requires different words.
Sports: to play tennis 7;::. A� 9 .Q
to play basketball ; "A 7 'Y 1-� 9 .Q Games: to play Yideo games 7 v t• 7-L. �9 .Q
to play cards }- 7 /'-/�9 .Q
Music instruments: to play the guitar .::r:·::1-��
P r a c t c e
CDiDJ1d: uc:L '*91J'
f..J:I;:
A . Look at th e pictures below an d an sw er t h e qu estion s.
BJ
A : /- 7 1) -:: lv t.i 7 v t:· � Ji. "'C "' \ � To
(4) (5)
(8)
;h
(2)
(6)
(lO) (11)
B. Pair Work-What were you doi n g at th e followin g ti mes yester day? Be as specific as po ssi bl e (wh ere, with whom, an d so on).
Example: 2 P.:\1. --7 A : �1k.=.wt::..··;;-M� L "'(\\� Lf:::.-h�o
1. 6 A.M.
5. 6 P.l\1.
.: .: .: t: J;...·.:
B : ;JJ:.. t:· � � �� � --c--�
'�
L "'C " \ � L t:::. o2 . 8 .·DL
6. 8 P.::\I.
3. 10 .-UI.
7. 11 P.:\I.
4. 12:30 P.::\1.
C. Class Acti vity -Let's play chara des . The teacher g i ves a sentence card to each stu dent. One of the students m i mes the sentence . All other stu dents guess what the person is doing an d raise their han ds when they recogn ize the action . The Brother lives in London student; not married
48 years old
® WEBt!fv(ctf.'tt"Lt, ' * 9 (Describing People)
t>ae tc.
A. Look at the picture and answer the questions.
6]
A : tj \ '� J. m � 10 tj
�
-tt --c \' .i -to""'1 to
1. J. m � ;0 tj2\.. "? "{ \\ .i -th�o
\'•!. t; .;.�::
2. J. m � 10 tj T :./-\' './ � � "'C \' .i -th�o
->C> .i t; r1- ';.
3 . 6JI]�.Z,tj1PJ � �"{\\j:Th�o
.J: L&·b �:1: :.
4. J.EB�/0tj:,/-/;( � tj\\"{\'j: -th�o
'C>.i t;
5. eJIJ�.Z,tj&f>I.J>';f-J � h�tt"{'.\j:Th�o
.J: L&·b
6 . eJIJ�.Z,tji.J•� � t�-?"{"'\.iTh�o
.l: L&·.h t
8. 6 Jll � ;0 u��f·h>'1� \, \ "'C"-th�o
.l: L&·.h -\1: i.l"(
9. J.EB�.Z,tj�IJ>'-&'-'"'f'Th�o
-'(>;! t; &·7;. t;;:&'
10. eJIJ � /0tj § IJ>',.J, � 1,\"'(''TIJ�o
.l: L &·.!? ., ..,,,
B. Look at the picture below and describe each person.
C. Class Activity-One student describes another student without mentioning the name. The rest of the class guesses who the student is.
Example: � h').\1 'v '--c··-t o T �-\' '/ � � "{ 'v ' .i To :/- / 7.' � tj '.' "'C '.'.i-tt 10o
&·7;. 7;.1.:&· 7.;- :.
® 7\:�lct'JT u < c: ��ttL' c9
0 B9Hlru�5ef��1"�*9
;tl\ 1f � l\
A. Sue is going to the following places to do the things below. Make sentences like the example.
@D
Example: Jf:;M�
- 1;• .. ); � (Kabuki) � Jt;�!1 � �
- 7..- � .Z.
LL<f-;M�
�: t;• .. ); � � Jt �:.ff � iTo.'d!:: h ,,
1. L L - -r·-7o�&j
<
...Lil.-....L.IV ;:.
2 . @J:!tg - *�11§' � �
!:: L .t lrlv IJ/v n·
3.
1zx
- � ::_'' t.i ,Z, � 1z"";L � (!::"1 ll'? to
4.
�1!J&J
- -I:JJ-=J-�1{-)tl>i U'lv.'.t< �? � n·
7. IIIJ - i'Qi .. );
;!t:, J>.::
8. 7'/�- r -
<
.-::> �1{-) n·9. lP1 �tx - ����x_;
.:: i .:: i .i' lo ::: r;L
10. ��� :::1 -t: -� 1k <t·
�"'? ::· '( lv ">
B. For what purpose would you go to the following places?
1. :::1 / t:•..::. �= t:rr � 1 To ,,
2 . ** �= �=rr � l l f::o
� i :...t1
3. @.]:!itt: �=-fr � iTo
!:: L .t h·lv ,,
4. \ \ ;t �t: t:l}� � I;· f. l To
5. ::k¥ t: t=*-l l f::o
t�"n' < �'
® �(7)g����3l:OJAti'foJAL '*91J'
� � ak� o� u���
Pair Work-Ask your partner the following questions.
1.
.:
0)��&t:
� O)A_;Qi'-FJ A\.\ j: T h'o" -{> ;-;�::.: :t?::: t.;.{.:.{
2 . .: 0)��&
t:
A_;Q>'-FJ A\.\j:
T h'o�;(..:,(,
(natwnahty)
3.
.:
0)��&t: �7]>'-fk
\. \A_;Q>'-FJA. \.\ � Th 'o" <> lr7- c.:,;' :.-•�: :.;J(,.:J(,
4 . .: 0 �� & t: 5t
�
t: A. h "M A. " ' � T h • o... � � � .. r. �·,{..:A.,.
®*c�O)��
tl.fvGIP5
A. Answer the following questions.
1. �-· .: t: 1i. ,z, --e '--t
' � i"
h • o2.
*'�1l�
L --c '-'�
T h'o4. 8.7.fs-.0)� � �0-? !:!!;(.
"('.\�
T h'oif: L
5. E.;$.�0)7\':.i.lJ:�E--FJ�ft"C'-'� "Til·/li'-'"C'-'.i T h'o
!: lih, .:· {l'J(,.;tl • :. .:: 7 �.: :.
6 . JL�h'.'-'l T h'o fPIA.'-' l T h'o
':-dt:•· {;J(,!:J(,
7. j:;
5><: � .z,
�'1 / j:; �� .z, ti �··.: t: ifJ 60 --c
'-' :fi"
h · o�- ?�
8 .
-J-1�
0)*,§
��Jlt � {�-? "( '. \ l L f::. h'o.: �·t l:c· t.:"i:h..L'i> t
9. �iJXO)*, 8 .7.Js:..� � �0-?
"(
\.\ l L f::. h'o.:-1.:-1 �:::: . .:1!1(, ::.: L
B. Class Activity-Show a picture of your family to the class and describe it.