CAPITULO V: INVESTIGACIÓN ACCIÓN
LAS ACTIVIDADES
III. FACTORES CONDICIONANTES PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN DE LA VISIÓN
III.3. ESBOCE EXPLICATIVO DE LOS COMPORTAMIENTOS
The statistics on high-tech industries and knowl- edge-intensive services include data on employ- ment in high-technology and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors, knowledge- intensive service sectors, high-technology service sectors and other sub-sectors. The indicators presented in this publication are extracted and constructed using data from the European Union Labour Force Survey — EU LFS.
The classification of high- and medium-high technology manufacturing sectors is based on the Eurostat/OECD classification — itself based on the ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP, or R&D intensity.
Map 7.4 shows the European regions as regards employment in high- and medium-high tech manufacturing in 2004, in relative terms (as a % of total employment). The data presented are for economic activities in the following areas: Aerospace, Computers and office machinery, Electronics-Communication, Pharmaceuticals, Scientific instruments (for high technology), Mo- tor vehicles, Electrical machinery, Chemicals, Other transport equipment, and Non-electrical machinery (for medium-high technology).
While the average for the EU-25 was stable in 2004 at 6.9%, some 92 European regions still had less than 5% of employment in high- and me- dium-high technology manufacturing activities. At the other end of the list, the map shows clearly that German regions, particularly in the south of Germany, are the leaders in high- and me- dium-high tech manufacturing, with 12 regions ranked in the 15 leading regions, all with a share
of over 12.5% of total employment. This top 15 also includes 2 regions from Hungary, at 12th and 15th (Közép-Dunántúl and Nyugat-Dunántúl with 14.4 and 12.9%, respectively) and one from France in fifth place (Franche-Comté — 16.0%). Among the German regions, Stuttgart (DE) ranked first, with 22.2% of total employment in high- and medium-high tech manufacturing, with Tübingen and Braunschweig following. Stuttgart was also the second ranked region in absolute terms, with 415 thousand persons employed in these manufacturing sectors. Among the leading regions in relative terms, the two Hungarian re- gions had the highest proportion of employment in high-tech manufacturing alone, with 5.3% and 4.3% respectively.
Besides the above 12 regions, almost all the regions in Germany have a share of well over 7.5% employment in high- and medium-high tech manufacturing, which is also the case for most regions in the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Malta and the regions in Northern Italy, Northern Spain, Central United Kingdom and Southern Sweden.
Conclusion
Statistics on science, technology and innovation provide a broad and continuously evolving varie- ty of regional data and indicators covering all the areas presented in this chapter. Further work is being carried out to produce more regional data in various fields of activities, for example innova- tion statistics, for which the regional results of the Fourth Community Innovation Survey (based on Commission Regulation 1450/2004) will be available in 2006, or patent statistics, where the possibility of producing data and indicators at NUTS level 3 is being investigated.
7
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVA
TION
AÇORES P 0 100 MADEIRA P 0 25 CANARIAS E 0 100 GUADELOUPE F 0 25 MARTINIQUE F 0 20 RÉUNION F 0 20 GUYANE F 0 100 0 100 500 km > 12.5 7.5 − 12.5 5.0 − 7.5 <= 5.0 Data not available0 50
CYPRUS
0 10
MALTA
Employment in High and medium High−tech manufacturing as a % of total employment
2004 − NUTS 2
Statistical data: Eurostat − Database: REGIO © EuroGeographics, for the administrative boundaries Cartography: Eurostat − GISCO, 07/2006
103 R e g i o n s : S t a t i s t i c a l y e a r b o o k 2 0 0 6
Methodological notes
The data shown in this chapter in maps or tables are ex- tracted from the “Science and Technology” statistics, sub- domains Research and Development, High-Tech Industry and Knowledge-Based Services, Patent Statistics and Hu- man Resources in Science and Technology.
Statistics on Research and Development are collected by Eurostat under Commission Regulation 753/2004, which determines the data set, breakdowns, frequency and transmission deadlines for those statistics. The meth- odology for R&D statistics is moreover laid down in the “Frascati Manual” (in its 2002 version), which is applied worldwide.
The data on Employment in high-tech and medium high- tech manufacturing and in knowledge-intensive high-tech and market services are compiled annually on the basis of data collected from a number of official data sources (Com- munity Labour Force Survey, Structural Business Statistics, etc.). The high-technology or knowledge-intensive ag- gregates are in general defined in terms of R&D intensity, calculated as the ratio of the R&D expenditure for a given economic activity to this activity’s value added.
The data on Patent applications to the EPO are compiled on the basis of micro-data received from the European Patent
Office. The patent data reported include the patent applica- tions filed at the European Patent Office (EPO) during the reference year, classified according to the inventor’s region of residence and the international patent classification. Since 2004, the inter-institutional Patent Statistics Task Force has been developing the world-wide patent statistics raw database (PATSTAT). PATSTAT has to be understood as one single patent statistics raw database, held by the European Patent Office (EPO) and developed in coop- eration with the World Intellectual Property Organisation (WIPO), the OECD and Eurostat. PATSTAT should meet all the user needs of the various international organisations that will use this raw database for data production. Finally, Statistics on Human Resources in Science and Technology (HRST) are compiled annually on the basis of micro-data extracted from the European Labour Force Survey. The methodological basis for these statistics is laid down in the Canberra Manual, where all the HRST concepts are listed.
For more information on methodology, consult the Eu- rostat webpage under: http://epp.eurostat.cec.eu.int/ p or t a l /p a ge?_ p a ge id =19 9 6 , 4532 373 4 & _ d ad = portal&_schema=PORTAL&screen=welcomeref& open=/&product=EU_science_technology_innovation &depth=2