EL GOBIERNO DE CARLOS PRÍO: LA MUERTE DEL AUTENTICISMO

The final hypothesis in this chapter, (H8.4) proposed that the HEXACO would provide a more parsimonious assessment of OCB and its dimensions than was provided by the FFM. To investigate this hypothesis two separate multivariate regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive validity of the NEO-PI-3 and the HEXACO-PI-R domains on the three OCB DVs (global OCB, OCBI and OCBO). The resulting regression equations and parameter estimates for each of the separate personality models were then analysed.

A GLM with global OCB, OCBI and OCBO serving as DVs and the six domains of the HEXACO-PI-R serving as IVs was constructed. The results indicated all domains of the HEXACO, besides the openness domain, were significant predictors of the composite of OCB DVs; Wilks’ Lambda = .98 (p < .001). The GLM using the domains of the NEO-PI-3 as predictors also indicated that each of the domain were significant predictors of the OCB composite DV; Wilks’ Lambda = .92 (p < .001). The following sections will detail the different regression analyses and parameter estimates for each of the personality models with each of the DVs.

Global OCB

Multiple linear regression indicated that the HEXACO-PI-R domains explained significant variance in global OCB, adjusted R2 = .29, F (1, 1224) = 82.92, p < .001. A separate regression model indicated that the NEO-PI-3 explained a similar amount of variance, adjusted R2 = .30, F (1, 1219) = 105.67, p < .001.

A summary of the regression statistics for these regression models are presented in Tables 8.2 and 8.3. These summary statistics indicate that the extraversion, agreeableness and

conscientiousness domains of the HEXACO make a significant contribution to the prediction of global OCB. The summary statistics for the FFM model indicate that all domains of this personality model make a significant contribution to the prediction of global OCB besides the openness domain.

Table 8.2

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for HEXACO Domains with OCB-Global

Variable B SE B β Constant 1.42 .27 HEX Honesty-Humility .06 .04 -.04 HEX Emotionality -.01 .04 .00 HEX Extraversion -.42 .05 .26** HEX Agreeableness -.18 .04 .12** HEX Conscientiousness .44 .04 .27** HEX Openness .07 .03 .05 **p<.001. Table 8.3

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for NEO Domains with OCB-Global

Variable B SE B β Constant 2.47 .25 NEO Emotionality .00 .00 -.09* NEO Extraversion .01 .00 .25** NEO Openness .00 .00 .06 NEO Agreeableness .05 .00 .12** NEO Conscientiousness .01 .00 .27** *p<.01, **p<.001.

OCBI

Multiple linear regression indicated that the HEXACO explained significant variance in OCBI, adjusted R2 _{= .21, F (1, 1224) = 56.73, p < .001. A separate multiple linear regression}

was conducted with the domains of the FFM as the predictors; the results indicated that the domains of the FFM explained a significant proportion of the variance in the OCBI DV, adjusted R2 = .23, F (1, 1219) = 73.00, p < .001.

A summary of the regression statistics for these regression models are presented in Tables 8.4 and 8.5. These summary statistics indicate that the extraversion, agreeableness and

conscientiousness domains of the HEXACO made a significant contribution to the prediction of OCBI. The regression summary statistics for the FFM model indicate that the

extraversion, agreeableness, openness and conscientiousness domains of the FFM made significant contributions to the prediction of OCBI.

Table 8.4

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for HEXACO Domains with OCB-Interpersonal

Variable B SE B β Constant 1.23 .30 HEX Honesty-Humility .13 .05 .07 HEX Emotionality .01 .05 .05 HEX Extraversion .37 .05 .22** HEX Agreeableness .25 .05 .15** HEX Conscientiousness .31 .05 .18** HEX Openness .09 .04 .06 **p<.001.

Table 8.5

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for NEO Domains with OCB-Interpersonal

Variable B SE B β Constant 2.29 .27 NEO Emotionality -.00 .00 -.05 NEO Extraversion .01 .00 .20** NEO Openness .00 .00 .11** NEO Agreeableness .01 .00 .20** NEO Conscientiousness .01 .00 .17** **p<.001. OCBO

Multiple linear regression indicated that the HEXACO explained significant variance in OCBO, adjusted R2 = .26, F (1, 1224) = 71.10, p < .001. A separate multiple linear regression model indicated that the FFM explained the similar proportion of the variance, adjusted R2 = .28, F (1, 1219) = 93.56, p < .001.

A summary of the regression data for OCBO is presented in Tables 8.6 and 8.7. The extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness domains of the HEXACO and the emotionality, extraversion and conscientiousness domains of the FFM made significant contributions to each of the separate regression equations for OCBO.

Table 8.6

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for HEXACO Domains with OCB-Organisational

Variable B SE B β Constant 1.56 .32 HEX Honesty-Humility .00 .05 .00 HEX Emotionality -.09 .05 -.05 HEX Extraversion .46 .05 .25** HEX Agreeableness .15 .05 .08* HEX Conscientiousness .53 .05 .28** HEX Openness .06 .04 .04 *p<.01, **p<.001. Table 8.7

Summary of Multiple Regression Analysis for NEO Domains with OCB-Organisational

Variable B SE B β Constant 2.59 .29 NEO Emotionality .00 .00 -.10* NEO Extraversion .01 .00 .25** NEO Openness .00 .00 .001 NEO Agreeableness .00 .00 .06 NEO Conscientiousness .01 .00 .28** *p<.01, **p<.001. 8.4.5 Summary of Results

The results from this chapter indicate that there were significant relationships between all domains of the HEXACO and the FFM in the predicted direction of global OCB, OCBI and OCBO (besides the emotionality domain of the HEXACO and OCBI). The HEXACO-PI-R is able to account for significant variance in global OCB, OCBI and OCBO but the NEO-PI-3 was also able to account significant variance in global OCB, OCBI and OCBO and there was

little difference between the two personality models in the amount of variance explained in global OCB, OCBI and OCBO.

The summary statistics indicate that the strengths of the relationships of the personality models with the OCB construct are with the extraversion, agreeableness and

conscientiousness domains of the HEXACO and whilst the domains are also relevant with the NEO-PI-3 measure, the emotionality and openness domains are also weaker predictors of the OCB DVs (see Table 8.8).

Table 8.8

Standardised Beta Weights of Significant Predictors in Regression Equations for Global OCB, OCBI and OCBO

HEXACO-PI-R NEO-PI-3 HH Emot E A C O Emot E O A C GOCB .26 .12 .27 -.09 .25 .12 .27 OCBI .07 .22 .15 .18 .20 .11 .20 .17 OCBO .25 .08 .28 -.10 .25 .28 8.5 Discussion

The aim of this chapter was to test the predictive validity of the domains of the five and six factor models of personality for the global OCB construct and its interpersonal and

organisational dimensions. Specifically, the chapter proposed that each domain of the FFM would have a significant relationship with the OCB construct and some would have stronger relationships with one or other of the interpersonal and organisational dimensions of OCB. The chapter proposed that by virtue of the domain overlap that the domains of the HEXACO would have similar relationships with OCB to those of the domains of the FFM. The chapter further proposed that the HEXACO had the potential to provide employers with a more parsimonious assessment of an individual’s dispositional predictors for OCB given the

theoretical reasoning of this model and its proposed capacity to provide an assessment of the pro-social tendencies which is a core element of at least two causal models of OCB

(Motowidlo, et al., 1997; Penner et al., 1997).

The results of this chapter provided empirical evidence supporting relationships between most domains of the FFM and the HEXACO and global OCB and its interpersonal and

organisational dimensions. The HEXACO domain of emotionality did not, however,

demonstrated a significant relationship with the CWBI dimension. The relationships between the personality domains and OCB indicate that dispositional predictors are an important consideration in the prediction of OCB and its interpersonal and organisational dimensions. Correlation and regression analyses demonstrated that the strength of the relationships between the personality domains and OCB is consistently with the extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness measures of both the five and six factor model

personality assessments. This is consistent with Motowidlo et al., (1997) who proposed that the dispositional predictors of OCB would be personality dispositions that aligned with the interpersonal and social aspects required for OCB. The results of the current study

demonstrated that the conscientious domain is the most influential for OCBO dimension. This is consistent with Motowidlo et al’s. (1997) theory which proposes that

conscientiousness is influential through its relationship with an individual’s knowledge of and competencies in OCB.

Whilst this chapter proposed that the domains of the HEXACO model of personality were likely to provide a more parsimonious assessment of the dispositional predictors of CWB than the FFM, the results of this chapter did not support this prediction: the FFM and the

social elements of the HEXACO were likely to provide the advantage for this model, the lack of evidence supporting the prediction may be due to the pro-social content of the HEXACO being captured equally well by the other domains of these broad personality models.

There are several practical implications of these results. Practitioners using broad personality models in the personnel selection context can be confident that the FFM and the HEXACO both provide a method to assess relevant and valid dispositional predictors for global OCB and its interpersonal and organisational dimensions. The applied psychologist can also be confident that the low levels of conscientiousness are likely to pose a particular risk to the organisational dimension of the construct whilst low agreeableness is a particular risk for the interpersonal dimension and low levels of extraversion are a likely risk for both dimensions of the construct.

The contribution that this chapter makes to advancing the empirical literature is the

assessment of the domains of the HEXACO against the domains of the FFM in the prediction of global OCB and its interpersonal and organisational dimensions. This research establishes the predictive validity of the domains of the HEXACO for OCB which allows practitioners a valid and reliable alternative to the FFM in the assessment of OCB in the personnel selection realm.