3. 1 Dr. Youngman is studying the development of self-reliance in a group of 30 Ans. A children who were first observed at age 3 and have been followed twice yearly App for the past three years. What sort of design does this represent?
p. 78 a. prospective E b. retrospective
c. cross-sectional d. developmental
3. 2 Dr. Oldman was conducting research on children's psychopathology in the late Ans. B 1960s. Which of the following descriptions is LEAST applicable to Dr.
App Oldman's work?
p. 78 a. Dr. Oldman probably viewed children as having disorders that were less M intense versions of adult disorders.
* b. Dr. Oldman probably relied on prospective research designs.
c. Dr. Oldman probably had not yet heard of the discipline of developmental psychopathology.
d. Dr. Oldman probably used a diagnostic system based on a categorical approach.
3. 3 If you served on a panel responsible for developing childhood disorder Ans. A categories for the DSM-II (1968), which of the following would be your Con primary conceptual guide?
p. 78 a. adult disorders
M b. research in developmental psychopathology c. deviations or delays in developmental tasks d. attachment theory
3. 4 Dr. Kistner is studying mental disorders in children and adolescents. If she Ans. C adopts the perspective outlined by Sroufe and Rutter, she will be working App within the discipline called
p. 78 a. childhood pathology.
E b. developmental psychology.
c. developmental psychopathology.
d. abnormal psychology.
3. 5 According to Newman et al. (1996), one might expect nearly % of a Ans. D sample of disordered adults will have disorders that began in childhood or Fac adolescence.
p. 78 a. 25 E b. 55 c. 70 d. 90
3. 6 John Bowlby has theorized that forming an effective attachment relationship Ans. A with parents is an important of the first year of life.
Fac a. developmental task p. 79 b. psychological milestone M c. psychosocial requirement
d. psychomaturational task
3. 7 Emma is a child facing the tasks of self-reliance, empathy, and establishment of Ans. B effective peer contacts. If Emma is average for these tasks, how old would you App expect her to be?
p. 79 a. 2 years old E b. 4 years old c. 7 years old d. 10 years old
3. 8 Which of the following sequences of developmental tasks is CORRECTLY Ans. C ordered?
Con a. attachment > academic competence > self-reliance p. 79 b. empathy > emancipation > self-reliance
M c. attachment > self-reliance > academic competence d. academic competence > emancipation > autonomy
3. 9 Tommy is learning how to develop autonomy while also responding to parental Ans. D control of impulses, and he is beginning to use language. Which of the
App following is NOT related to the timing and nature of these achievements?
p. 79 a. cultural practices M b. Tommy's age
c. earlier developmental tasks d. none of the above
3. 10 Developmental tasks are linked to psychopathology in that Ans. B a. developmental tasks cause psychopathology.
Fac b. a child's failure to successfully handle an early developmental task can p. 79 adversely affect later coping capacities.
E c. the genetic factors affecting the nature and timing of developmental tasks are also influential in childhood disorders,
d. There is no evidence linking developmental tasks in childhood with psychopathology.
3. 11 Bonnie is 14 years old and has had a great deal of difficulty achieving a sense Ans. C of competence and industry in school. As she approaches the task of
App emancipation from her family in the future, what prediction is MOST p. 79 defensible?
M a. Bonnie will fail to achieve emancipation and will develop some form of pathology as an adult.
b. Bonnie will be delayed in achieving emancipation but will successfully do so by her mid 20's without special assistance.
c. Bonnie will need additional support from her environment in order to achieve emancipation on par with her peers.
d. Provided that Bonnie's earlier crucial tasks of attachment and autonomy were achieved, she will achieve emancipation without difficulty.
*
312 Jane is a developmental psychologist conducting research on parent-infant Ans. D attachment. In her study, parents bring their infants into a room with a stranger.
App After a few moments the parents depart, leaving the infant with the stranger, p. 80 The method Jane is using to assess attachment is the
M a. Situational Attachment Protocol.
b. Separation Distress Appraisal.
c. Attachment Assessment.
d. Strange Situation.
3. 13 Two infants are being observed in Ainsworth's laboratory. Sara is not visibly Ans. A upset when her mother leaves the room and is disinterested in her mother when App she returns. Mark is moderately distressed when his mother leaves and wants to p. 81 be held by her when she returns. Sara has a(n) attachment, and Mark, M a(n) attachment.
a. insecure; secure b. resistant; insecure c. secure; secure d. insecure; excessive
3. 14 Which of the following infants is MOST likely to have a resistant/insecure Ans. B attachment?
App a. Leon, a Black American infant p. 81 b. Tani, a Japanese infant
M c. Susana, a Mexican infant
d. Leah, a Caucasian American infant
3. 15 If a pediatrician sees a group of mother-infant patients that is representative of Ans. C the larger population, which attachment pattern will he see most frequently?
App a. insecure/avoidant p. 81 b. insecure/distressed E c. secure
d. nondistressed
3. 16 Ali is an infant who showed a secure attachment pattern according to Ans. D Ainsworth's assessment. Ali would thus be expected to
App a. have a reduced risk of developing childhood behavior problems compared to p. 81 infants with other patterns.
M b. function about the same in adult life as will infants who show an insecure attachment pattern.
c. function better in adult life than will children who show an insecure attachment pattern.
d. both a and c
3. 17 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?
Ans. A a. adult monkeys Con b. Suomi
p. 81 c. elevated stress-related chemicals M d. separation distress
3. 18 If Suomi's research were found to be replicable with humans, which of the Ans. B following characteristics would most closely apply to Ricky who has an insecure App attachment to his mother?
p. 81 a. a negative temperament
M b. elevated levels of epinephrine, a stress-related chemical c. a history of early, repeated separation from his mother d. mild mental retardation
3. 19 "All children at one time or another display some symptoms of abnormal Ans. C behavior. For some children, however, these symptoms are more severe and App chronic and thus warrant intervention. " What approach does this speaker p. 81 appear to take to classifying childhood disorders?
M a. categorical b. diagnostic c. dimensional d. classical
3. 20 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?
Ans. D a. categorical approach Con b. use of structured interviews
p. 81 c. administration of formal psychological tests M d. statistical criteria
3. 21 Dr. Lawr employs a dimensional approach in the assessment of her child Ans. A clients. As a result, on what sort of criteria will she probably rely in order to App group together her clients' various symptoms?
p. 82 a. statistical M b. experiential
* c. theoretical
d. DSM-IV symptom clusters
3. 22 Dr. Strangeglove is using the CBCL to asses Tim, a seven-year-old male. Tim Ans. B is hyperactive, inattentive, and often aggressive. Dr. Strangeglove would App probably conclude that
p. 82 a. Tim would have somatic problems such as nausea and headaches.
E b. Tim would have high scores on the externalizing dimension of the CBCL.
c. Tim would have high scores on the internalizing dimension of the CBCL.
d. Tim would have high scores on the oppositional/defiant dimension of the CBCL.
3. 23 Trish is failing to interact with peers, due in part to her depressed mood. Trish Ans. C also complains about several somatic symptoms. Her symptoms are
App characteristic of which dimension of the CBCL?
p. 82 a. passive/overcontrolled E b. introverted
c. internalizing d. undercontrolled
3. 24 Doris is described by her counselor as exhibiting several "externalizing"
Ans. D problem behaviors. Which of the following would NOT be included in this App description?
p. 82 a. impulsivity M b. aggressiveness
c. delinquent, nuisance behaviors d. somatic complaints
3. 25 Mr. Evanoff, a school counselor, is reviewing a student's CBCL. If the Ans. A counselor is most concerned with the student's overcontrolled behaviors, on App which of the following scales would he concentrate?
p. 82 a. anxious/depressed E b. social problems
c. externalizing behaviors d. thought problems
3. 26 On the CBCL profile, Marty's two highest scores are found on the delinquent Ans. D and aggressive behavior scales. His scale scores are 64 and 60, respectively.
App What description would you give Marty?
p. 83 a. externalizing C b. internalizing
c. conduct disordered d. normal
3. 27 The two most common reasons children are referred to mental health clinics are Ans. C a. neglect and abuse by parents.
Fac b. depression and anxiety.
p. 83 c. disruptive behaviors and attention deficits.
E d. delinquency and learning disorders.
3. 28 Chad has been referred to a child guidance clinic for a disorder that occurs in Ans. B approximately 5 percent of the general U. S. population. What disorder is this?
App a. ODD p. 84 b. ADHD
M c. childhood anxiety d. learning disability
3. 29 Bobby is an eight-year-old male and Sally is a seven-year-old female. In regard Ans. A to the disorders most commonly seen in clinics, one could conclude that
App a. Bobby is 2 to 3 times more likely than Sally to develop these disorders, p. 84 b. Sally is 5 to 6 times more likely than Bobby to develop these disorders.
E c. Bobby is 5 to 6 times more likely than Sally to develop these disorders.
d. Sally and Bobby have about the same chance of developing these disorders.
3. 30 Dalila is a fourth-grade student. Compared to the males in her school classes, Ans. D she is MORE likely to exhibit which of the following disorders?
App a. ADHD p. 84 b. ODD E c. CD
* d. none of the above
3. 31 Keith has a DSM-IV disorder that is among those most commonly seen in Ans. B mental health clinics. His disorder is also most likely to occur without App comorbidity. What disorder is this?
p. 84 a. an anxiety disorder
M b. attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder c. oppositional defiant disorder
d. a pervasive developmental disorder
*
3. 32 Mrs. and Mr. Baez are at their wits' end with their 7-year-old son, Eddie. In Ans. C their first clinic session, they describe how difficult it is to get Eddie to come to App dinner, do his homework, or do the simplest tasks around the house without a p. 84 full-blown temper tantrum. What disorder is most likely for Eddie?
M a. conduct disorder.
b. preadolescent hyperactivity disorder.
c. oppositional defiant disorder.
d. inattentive defiant disorder.
3. 33 Dr. Yahoo is concerned that psychologists in his area may be over diagnosing Ans. B ODD. Dr. Yahoo's concern is probably based on which of the following?
App a. the lack of clear DSM-IV criteria for ODD diagnosis
p. 85 b. the fact that ODD symptoms occur at a very high base rate in the general M population
c. the failure of clinicians to verify that behaviors are actually potentially harmful
d. an excessive reliance on the CBCL that has been shown to "overpatiiologize"
children's behaviors
3. 34 Dr. Licht is conducting a treatment program for children with ODD. If he were Ans. B to follow his preschool children through third grade (about age 9), one could App predict that will still have significant disruptions in adaptive functioning.
p. 85 a. one half M b. one third
c. one quarter d. one eighth
3. 35 As a clinician, you are speaking with a third-grade teacher who is concerned Ans. C about one of her students, Aaron, who has been diagnosed with ODD. Which App of the following observations by the teacher is LEAST likely to predict p. 85 continuing problems for Aaron?
E a. Problems with ODD are seen in school and at home.
b. Aaron shows some aggression and hyperactivity.
c. Moderate levels of stress are present in Aaron's family.
d. Aaron engages in covert behaviors such as lying and stealing.
3. 36 Dr. Jones is a child psychologist attempting to make a DSM-IV diagnosis of a Ans. D 9-year-old male's disruptive behavior. Which of the following would MOST App likely lead Dr. Jones to make a diagnosis of conduct disorder?
p. 85 a. The child acts inappropriately at school, at home, and in public.
E b. The child is verbally abusive to parents and teachers.
* c. The child is hyperactive, inattentive, and impulsive.
d. The child exhibits behaviors that are harmful to others or to property.
3. 37 If Masako has been diagnosed with CD, you would know that he has been Ans. B exhibiting his aggressive, destructive, and deceitful symptoms for at least App a. 2 years.
p. 86 b. 12 months.
M c. 6 months.
d. 3 months if ADHD has previously been diagnosed.
3. 38 Jacques is a 10-year-old male whose disruptive, undercontrolled behavior is Ans. A being assessed by a school counselor. If CD is likely, which of the following App DSM-IV symptom categories is NOT relevant?
p. 86 a. manipulation of others M b. destruction of property
c. aggression
d. serious violation of rules
3. 39 Max's parents have refused to get a new pet after 11-year-old Max drowned the Ans. C family cat. His parents also insist that someone always be at home with Max, App fearing that he may start a fire if left to his own devices. What DSM-IV p. 86 disorder is MOST likely?
E a. antisocial personality disorder, juvenile onset b. ODD
c. CD
d. adolescent-onset disruptive disorder
3. 40 Which of the following CD children is MOST likely to "grow out" of his Ans. C disorder by the end of his teenage years?
App a. Reggie, with a childhood onset at age 8 p. 86 b. Mark, with a childhood onset at age 10 M c. Alvin, with an adolescent onset at age 12
d. none of the above; this disorder virtually always leads to adult disorders 3. 41 According to several longitudinal studies on CD, whom of the following would Ans. D experience the greatest academic difficulty and be most likely to develop adult App antisocial problems?
p. 86 a. Mike, a 15-year-old male diagnosed with CD
E b. Gary, an 18-year-old college student prone to burning text books after each term
c. Marsha, a 7-year-old female who is prone to physically aggressive behavior d. Brandt, an 8-year-old male diagnosed with CD
3. 42 Dr. Ogata has seen 100 clients in his specialized practice for the treatment of Ans. A conduct disorder. If all of them had met DSM criteria by age 13, how many are App likely to exhibit antisocial personality disorder as adults?
p. 86-7 a. 25 M b. 40 c. 55 d. 66
3. 43 What is the central difference between a diagnosis of CD versus antisocial Ans. B personality disorder?
Fac a. the severity of aggressive and destructive behaviors p. 87 b. the age of the diagnosed individual
E c. the severity of parental criminal behavior d. the presence of substance abuse
3. 44 For what reason has it been difficult to establish a causal relationship between Ans. C elevated testosterone levels and long-term antisocial behavior in males?
Con a. Both animal and human studies have produced very inconsistent results, p. 87 b. The comorbidity of substance abuse in disordered adolescents makes C accurate hormonal measurement difficult.
c. The direction of the causal relationship has not been determined through prospective research.
d. Antisocial behaviors occur with almost equal frequency in females.
3. 45 Daniel is a 14-year-old male with a disruptive behavior disorder that includes Ans. D aggressiveness and acts of property destruction. What neurotransmitter is App associated with these behaviors?
p. 87 a. norepinephrine E b. dopamine
c. testosterone d. serotonin
3. 46 Which of the following adolescents is MOST likely to display symptoms of a Ans. C disruptive externalizing disorder?
App a. Terrance, who has a high resting heart rate and quick startle response p. 87 b. Joshua, who has a high level of serotonin in his brain
M c. Jackson, who has a very low skin conductance rate
* d. Ramon, who has a low level of GABA in his brain
3. 47 If you wished to predict which adolescents might be at greatest risk of CD and Ans. D later adult criminal behavior, you might conduct prospective research involving Con any of the following EXCEPT
p. 87-8 a. the neurotransmitter dopamine.
E b. skin conductance levels and heart rate.
c. a family adversity index.
d. comorbid depressive and anxious symptoms.
3. 48 Which of the following children has the greatest chance of being diagnosed Ans. B with conduct disorder?
App a. Janet, a three-year-old female in foster care with a lower SES family p. 88 b. Jim, a ten-year-old male with deficits in executive functioning
M c. Akoni, a nine-year-old male with below average grades and few friends d. Amee, a seven-year-old female whose parents have recently divorced and
who is prone to frequent temper tantrums
3. 49 Which of the following terms does not belong with the other three?
Ans. A a. adolescent-onset CD
Con b. deficits in neuropsychological abilities p. 88 c. executive functioning
M d. language processing
3. 50 Brian wants the new Han Solo action figure set. When his mother refuses to Ans. A buy it for him, he complains loudly and becomes verbally abusive. His App mother eventually gives in and buys him the action figure set; Brian
p. 88 immediately stops his aversive behavior. Brian and his mother's behaviors are M an example of
a. coercive cycles.
b. circular causality.
c. the parent/child exchange theory.
d. dyadic-aversive behavior patterns.
3. 51 Cecil and his mother are engaged in a dispute. If Cecil is diagnosed with a Ans. A dismptive behavior disorder, you might expect to see each of the following App behaviors from his mother EXCEPT
p. 88 a. close physical proximity.
M b. frequent criticism of Cecil's actions.
c. issuance of commands to Cecil to stop talking back to her, stop yelling, etc.
d. eventual reinforcement of his aversive behaviors in a coercive cycle.
3. 52 Deedee is the mother of a teenager, Roy, with CD. When Deedee interacts Ans. B with her best friend's teenage son, Derrick, who is NOT disordered, Deedee App will
p. 88 a. be as reactive to Derrick's negative behaviors as she is toward Roy's.
M b. be less critical of Derrick than she is of Roy.
c. be as "bossy" toward Derrick as she is with Roy.
d. readily establish a coercive cycle with Derrick as she has with Roy.
*
3. 53 Dr. Bond is working with preschoolers who have been referred to her clinic Ans. C for ODD. She would expect that approximately % of them demonstrate App insecure attachments.
p. 88 a. 52 E b. 66 c. 80 d. 94
3. 54 What do coercive cycles, a high family adversity index, and insecure Ans. D attachment have in common?
Con a. Each is a contributing factor to many internalizing disorders, p. 88 b. They describe the home environment of children with ADHD.
M c. They each describe the primary causal factor in dismptive disorders, d. Each is a contributing factor to CD.
3. 55 When she was accidentally pushed by another student, Melanie fell against Ans. A Todd's desk and caused him to ruin a picture he was painting. If Todd has App CD, how will he interpret Melanie's action?
p. 89 a. as a deliberate act of aggression
M b. as an attempt to get his attention but not necessarily a sign of aggression c. as a possible act of aggression that should be ignored
d. as an accident
3. 56 Zuri is a female with CD. Her tendency toward aggressive behaviors may be Ans. B due to each of the following factors EXCEPT
App a. low levels of serotonin, p. 89 b. low levels of estrogen.
M c. deficits in attributional processing during conflicts, d. inadequate executive functioning.
3. 57 Which of the following children is at GREATEST risk for severe aggressive Ans. C behaviors?
App a. Kito, a male with low neuropsychological test scores, p. 89 b. Mali, a male with high family adversity scores.
M c. Charlie, a male with low neuropsychological test scores and high family adversity scores,
d. Each of the children is at equal and high risk.
3. 58 As Payat's clinician, you are employing the most effective and best studied Ans. C treatment intervention for Payat's CD. In other words, you are using App a. cognitive-behavioral individual therapy for Payat.
p. 90 b. social skills training for Payat in a group therapy format.
M c. training in specific parenting skills for Payat's parents, d. Any of the above is possible.
3. 59 A graduate student is working with Dr. Eyberg, treating disruptive behavior Ans. D disorders. Which therapy approach is the graduate student employing?
App a. the FAST Track System
p. 90 b. Behavioral Management Skill Training M c. Self-Instructional Therapy
d. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy
3. 60 Kurt and his family have successfully completed Dr. Eyberg's parent training Ans. A program for Kurt's CD. Why might the long-term benefits of this therapy be App limited, according to available research?
p. 90 a. The original training generalizes poorly to new settings.
M b. Kurt has adolescent-onset CD.
c. Insufficient attention was given to Kurt's participation in the coercive cycles.
d. Kurt's family had too low a family adversity score at the beginning of treatment.
3. 61 Which of the following treatments is NOT commonly used to treat disruptive Ans. B behavior disorders?
3. 61 Which of the following treatments is NOT commonly used to treat disruptive Ans. B behavior disorders?