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5.4 RIESGOS ASOCIADOS AL MOVIMIENTO DE TALUDES
Fac a. attention p. 252 b. memory E c. consciousness
d. identity
8.2 A clinician is consulting the DSM-II for the correct classification of a client whose Ans. B symptoms include derealization and identity alteration. Which classification App below is appropriate?
p. 252 a. repressive disorders M b. hysterical neuroses
c. dissociative psychoses d. neurotic dissociation
8.3 An ancient Egyptian healer was treating a patient who complained of paralysis in Ans. C her arms that seemed to have no physical cause. To what would the healer App attribute the symptoms?
p. 252 a. conversion hysteria E b. somatization
c. wandering uterus d. psychosis
8.4 Which of the following disorders is MOST similar to the meaning of "hysteria" as Ans. D used by the Greeks?
Con a. dissociative disorder p. 252 b. neurotic anxiety
M c. posttraumatic stress reaction d. somatoform disorder
8.5 Janice has been complaining that she cannot feel her feet from her ankles down.
Ans. A She has trouble walking because of this and is constantly injuring her feet.
App Medical doctors have been able to find no physical cause for her symptoms.
p. 252 How would Freud have described Janice's disorder?
M a. conversion hysteria
* b. somatoform disorder c. repressive neurosis d. hysterical disorder
8.6 Which of the following persons does not belong with the other three?
Ans. B a. Anna 0.
Con b. Briquet p. 252 c. Breuer E d. Freud
8.7 Dr. Asante specializes in the treatment of clients with dissociative or somatoform Ans. C disorders. Which of the following commonalties should he expect to find in their App personal histories?
p. 253 a. childhood abuse
M b. multiple visits to medical doctors prior to DSM-IV diagnosis c. exposure to unusually stressful experiences
d. disruptions in memory and consciousness
8.8 In which version of the DSM would you first see a separation of neuroses into Ans. C somatoform and dissociative disorders?
Fac a. DSM-I p. 253 b. DSM-II E c. DSM-III
d. DSM-III-R
8.9 Danton's therapist believes Danton was exposed to chronic child abuse and has Ans. B developed a subsequent mental disorder. Which of the following disorders is the App therapist LEAST likely to diagnose?
p. 253 a. posttraumatic stress disorder M b. histrionic personality disorder
c. conversion disorder
d. dissociative identity disorder
8.10 Tamara describes feeling completely detached from the events going on around Ans. D her and often forgets important experiences such as the death of her mother or App her sister's marriage. What psychological process is occurring?
p. 253 a. splitting E b. splintering
c. division of consciousness d. dissociation
8.11 George's wife divorced him suddenly. After several weeks of poor job Ans. A performance following the divorce, George was fired. If he expresses his App emotional distress by developing headaches, joint pain, and other physical p. 253 symptoms, he is engaging in the process of
E a. somatization.
b. dissociation.
c. somatoforming.
d. derealization.
8.12 When Jachim meditates, he enters a trance-like state in which he is unaware of Ans. B the world about him. In this state, he can hear and feel events in the external App world, but they have no subjective meaning to him. Sometimes he feels p. 253 disconnected from his body, as if he were no longer himself. Spencer is a M veteran of WWII who was severely wounded twice in combat. Sometimes he
enters a state of mind in which the world has no subjective meaning to him and he feels disconnected from his body, without an identity. His family finds these episodes alarming as does his employer. Which of the following statements correctly describes these two men?
a. Regardless of their culture, these would be considered pathological states due to the complexity and infrequency of their experiences.
b. Jachim's experience is not pathological; Spencer's experience is pathological and may represent PTSD or a dissociative disorder.
c. Because Jachim and Spencer experience a loss of identity and derealization, the possibility of a dissociative disorder is likely for both.
d. Whether Jachim or Spencer is diagnosed as pathological depends on the culture in which they live and the diagnostic practices of mental health professionals.
8.13 What do "speaking in tongues" and Ataque de Nervios have in common?
Ans. C a. They are considered pathological states in the DSM-FV.
Con b. They both involve some form of spirit possession.
p. 254 c. They are forms of dissociation described as normal expressions in some M cultures.
d. They each involve characteristics of the mental processes described by Freud as "conversion neuroses."
8.14 When are dissociative states NOT considered pathological?
Ans. D a. when they do not involve significant identity alteration Fac b. when they occur infrequently in an individual
p. 254 c. when they occur within recognized cultural groups M d. when they do not produce personal distress
8.15 Marguerite has a dissociative disorder. She might exhibit any of the following Ans. A key symptoms EXCEPT
App a. hypnotizability.
p. 254-5 b. derealization.
M c. amnesia.
d. identity confusion.
8.16 Lucinda, a person with dissociative identity disorder, is exhibiting symptoms Ans. B similar to the perceptual hallucinations seen in psychotic disorders. This is an App example of the key symptom of
p. 254 a. depersonalization.
M b. derealization.
c. illusory imaging.
d. perceptual de-altering.
8.17 Which of the following does NOT represent a DSM-IV dissociative disorder?
Ans. C a. dissociative trance disorder Fac b. dissociative fugue disorder p. 255 c. dissociative memory disorder E d. depersonalization disorder
8.18 If you were living in Germany in the late 1700s, you might have heard about the Ans. D first detailed report of
Fac a. Briquet's syndrome, p. 255 b. Kraepelin's syndrome.
M c. dissociative fugue, d. multiple identities.
8.19 If you measured interest in spiritualism and the number of cases of multiple Ans. A personalities in the U.S. in the 1800s and 1900s, you would find
Con a. a positive correlation between those measures in both centuries, p. 255 b. a negative correlation between those measures in both centuries.
C c. a positive correlation between those measures in the 1800s only.
d. a strong relationship between both measures and incidence of child abuse.
8.20 For Lorraine to be diagnosed with dissociative personality disorder, how many Ans. A alters MUST be present?
App a. 1 p. 255 b. 2 E c. 4 d. 7
8.21 A woman has dissociative identity disorder. Sara is the most outgoing and Ans. B flamboyant identity but is unaware of the other identities. Madeline is inhibited and App shy but is in charge most of the time. Sara would be described as a(n) __
p. 256 and Madeline as a(n) . M a. personality fragment; primary personality
* b. alter; host personality c. dominant personality; alter d. alter; split identity
8.22 Most of the time Marva appears to be a normal adult female, leading the life of a Ans. D typical middle-class American. Sometimes she suddenly changes her behavior, App acting like a child and claiming to be Toby, a poor minority child from the slums, p. 255 Her entire personality changes when this occurs. What is the term currently used E to describe Toby?
a. repressed memory complex b. a split identity
c. guest personality d. an alter
8.23 Which identity of a person with dissociative identity disorder is most likely to Ans. C seek treatment?
Fac a. the original personality P. 256 b. a suicidal alter
E c. the host personality
d. the protective alter personality
8.24 Which of the following identities of a female with dissociative identity disorder is Ans. C MOST likely to seek help from a therapist?
App a. Tori, the angry personality fragment p. 256 b. Michelle, the powerful, protective alter M c. Juliet, the host personality
d. Joshua, her first male alter
8.25 For Delsin, a 27-year-old male host personality, which of the following alters is Ans. B LEAST likely?
App a. Ahmik, a 5-year-old male
p. 256 b. Nodin, a 42-year-old physically disabled male M c. Ohen, an aggressive, alcoholic adult male
* d. Meda, a suicidal adult female
8.26 Which statement about dissociative identity disorder is TRUE?
Ans. D a. The number of alters present is proportional to the level of abuse suffered in Con childhood and adolescence.
p. 256-7 b. Personality fragments are more likely to occur than are complete alters.
M c. Clinicians today are in agreement that this is a bona fide psychological syndrome caused by early trauma,
d. The host personality usually does not represent the person's original personality.
Edmund has dissociative identity disorder. If Edmund were alive in the late 1800s, what difference would probably be observed between his disorder and the same disorder diagnosed in the late 1900s?
a. Edmund would show more alters of the other gender.
b. Edmund would not have been considered disordered.
c. Edmund's personalities would be more clearly differentiated from each other.
d. Edmund would have only two personalities.
8.28 If Erica is typical of clients diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder in 1990, Ans. C she has alters.
App a. 2 p. 256 b. 8 E c. 15
d. 32 8.27
Ans. A App p. 256 M
8.29 When Marcia, a host personality, was approached by a man who looked a great Ans. B deal like her abusive father, she engaged in the process of to enter the App identity of Rebecca, the protector identity.
p. 256 a. altering M b. switching
c. displacing d. cohosting
8.30 When Devorah changes from one identity to another as part of her dissociative Ans. D identity disorder, what is LEAST likely to prompt such changes?
App a. flashbacks of memories p. 256 b. current stressful events
M c. gradual recall of childhood traumas d. voluntary switching
8.31 Certain evidence is commonly used to support the claim that dissociative identity Ans. B disorder is created by clinicians. Which finding below is NOT part of that Con evidence?
p. 256-8 a. the increase in alters exhibited over the past several decades in North America M b. the higher number of females diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder
c. the high use of hypnosis to discover alternate personalities
d. cases where malingering criminals and experimental subjects have been able to effectively simulate dissociative identity disorder
8.32 Of the dissociative identity disorder clients a therapist treats, there will be Ans. C female clients for each male client the therapist sees.
App a. 15 p. 257 b. 12 E c. 9
d. 4
8.33 Estrella is 28 years old. Previously she has been diagnosed with major depression Ans. A with psychotic features, hypochondriasis, PTSD, and, most commonly,
App schizophrenia. If Estrella is now receiving another diagnosis, which of the p. 257 following DSM-IV labels is MOST likely?
M a. somatization disorder
b. multiple personality disorder c. conversion disorder
d. dissociative identity disorder
8.34 Which of the following females is LEAST likely to exhibit dissociative identity Ans. B disorder?
App a. Penelope, from the U.S.
p. 258 b. Yoko, from Japan E c. Eva, from Switzerland
d. Isabelle, from Canada
8.35 Critics of the existence of dissociative identity disorder could cite each of the Ans. C following pieces of evidence to support their case EXCEPT
Con a. the failure to document the presence of a single case in Japan,
p. 258 b. the extensive overlap of symptoms with several disorders that might better M account for clients' behaviors.
* c. the implausibility of important ideas, emotions, and autobiographical memory being dissociated from consciousness,
d. documentation of inappropriate use of hypnosis by overzealous therapists.
8.36 Suppose each of the persons described below were participants in Coons et al.'s Ans. C study of EEG activity. Which of them would demonstrate the largest EEG changes App across personalities?
p. 258 a. Henry, a male with dissociative identity disorder M b. Nanette, a female with dissociative identity disorder
c. Adrienne, a female who role-plays multiple identities d. either a or b
8.37 If one of your friends asked you whether dissociative disorder really exists, what Ans. D answer would you give, based on information presented in the text?
Con a. yes p. 258-9 b. no
M c. yes, as a severe manifestation of PTSD d. none of the above
8.38 Which of the following statements BEST reflects your text's conclusion about the Ans. A validity of dissociative identity disorder?
Con a. Severe trauma probably can create splintering of consciousness, but these p. 258,69 characteristics are often exaggerated by some overzealous clinicians.
M b. There is overwhelming evidence that dissociative identity disorder exists.
c. There is overwhelming evidence that dissociative identity disorder does not exist.
d. Cases of dissociative identity disorder are fabricated on the basis of leading interviewing techniques and hypnosis by clinicians.
8.39 For which DSM-IV disorders should a thorough medical assessment be included?
Ans. D a. localized dissociative amnesia Fac b. generalized dissociative amnesia p. 259 c. somatoform pain disorder E d. all of the above
8.40 Nathaniel has a dissociative amnesia in which he can remember nothing of his first Ans. A marriage. He can, however, remember the friends he had during that time. This App is an example of amnesia.
p. 259 a. systematized M b. selective
c. continuous d. localized
8.41 Chris was a passenger in an automobile accident in which his young sister was Ans. B killed. If he has dissociated his memories of the day following the accident, this App is a form of amnesia.
p. 259 a. short-term M b. localized
c. discontinuous d. systematized
8.42 Alberto was a member of the first group of soldiers to reach the concentration camp Ans. A of Auschwitz during WWII. He can remember the weather on the day they arrived, App the names of soldiers who were with him, and the railroad cars outside the camp p. 259 but he cannot recall anything about the camp inhabitants he saw. This is a type of M a. selective dissociative amnesia.
* b. repressed memory syndrome.
c. dissociative fugue.
d. localized dissociative amnesia.
8.43 Dr. Wechsler is in charge of assessing the psychiatric casualties of American GI's Ans. C during WWII. What percentage of his patients will exhibit dissociative amnesia or App other dissociative episodes?
p. 259 a. l t o 3 M b. 4 to 7
c. 5 to 14 d. 12 to 19
8.44 Which of the following persons is MOST likely to be diagnosed with a Ans. D dissociative amnesia?
App a. Stephanie, a 23-year-old female p. 259 b. Marcus, a 13-year-old male M c. Carmen, a 30-year-old female
d. Alvin, a 25-year-old male
8.45 If Dr. Arbuckle is treating young adult males who exhibit sudden losses of Ans. C memory for personally important information, she might expect these men to App have a history of
p. 259 a. exposure to severe sexual abuse.
E b. abnormal functioning in their hippocampus.
c. exposure to violent stressors such as combat.
d. opioid drug abuse that predisposes them to memory deficits.
8.46 Hugh was recently involved in a violent crime for which he has been charged with Ans. B attempted murder. An initial assessment raises the possibility of a dissociative App amnesia because Hugh has no memory for the event. If Hugh is, in fact, a p. 260-1 malingerer, which of the following reactions is MOST likely from him?
C a. He will be eager to participate in an interview under the influence of sodium amytal.
b. He will exhibit a kind of "la belle indifference" in regard to his memory loss.
c. When assessed via EEG, he will be unable to simulate brain wave changes when the interviewer begins to question him about the crime itself.
d. He will generalize his localized amnesia for the crime to a generalized amnesia
8.47 It has been demonstrated that persons with dissociative identity disorder exhibit Ans. B differing EEG patterns as they switch alters. What conclusion can be drawn from Con this?
p. 258-61 a. Strong support for the existence of distinct alters is established.
M b. No clear conclusion is possible; role-playing subjects also demonstrate these changes.
c. The imaginative involvement and absorption common to persons with this disorder are probably neurologically-based.
d. None of the above.
8.48 You have been asked to pretend that you are an accused murderer. The investigator Ans. D running the study then asks you to role-play responses to a hypnosis session much App like the one Kenneth Bianchi underwent. Which of the following outcomes is p. 260-1 LEAST likely?
M a. You will describe an alternate personality but claim amnesia for this personality
* after the session.
b. You will describe a childhood marked by abuse and familial discord.
c. You will perform quite differently on several psychological tests depending on which personality is dominant.
d. You will probably resist the suggestive manipulation of the hypnotist and give little or no evidence of an alter personality.
8.49 If Nicholas Spanos had been able to testify in Bianchi's trial, which diagnostic Ans. A conclusion would he probably offer?
Con a. malingering
p. 260-1 b. dissociative amnesia
E c. dissociative identity disorder d. pseudotrance disorder
8.50 Becky was in a cafe in Paris when a terrorist bomb went off outside; she was Ans. B traumatized by the horror she witnessed. Later, a woman calling herself Andrea App was identified by family members as Becky after she was picked up by the police p. 261-2 and found to match a missing person description. Andrea had no memory of her E life as Becky before the bombing. What was this woman suffering from?
a. dissociative amnesia b. dissociative fugue
c. depersonalization disorder d. dissociative identity disorder
8.51 Which of the following risk factors might increase Victor's risk of dissociative Ans. C fugue following a traumatic life event?
App a. a family history of schizoid personality disorder p. 262 b. somatization disorder
M c. bipolar disorder d. schizophrenia
8.52 Which of the following persons is LEAST likely to display symptoms suggestive Ans. D of a mental disorder?
App a. Frances, as she switches from an alter to her host personality p. 262 b. Martin, a person with generalized dissociative amnesia C c. Terrell, as he experiences an episode of derealization
* d. Olga, a person in a fugue state
8.53 If Keith is in a dissociative fugue, which prognosis is most accurate?
Ans. B a. Once the fugue ends, he is at significantly increased risk of another episode App within the next five years.
p. 262 b. The fugue will end in a few days and he will recover fully.
M c. The fugue will end in a few weeks and he will remember most of the events that happened during that time,
d. While he is unlikely to experience another fugue in the future, he is at increased risk of developing a different dissociative disorder.
8.54 Rosetta feels as though she were in a dream, hovering above her own body, and Ans. B the objects around her seem strangely unreal. Which of the following is most App likely?
p. 262 a. fugue
E b. depersonalization c. trance disorder
d. dissociative psychotic disorder
8.55 Miguel is a chronic substance abuser who vehemently denies his substance use.
Ans. C If he has occasional "blackouts" due to drug intoxication, a naive clinician might App mistakenly diagnose Miguel's sudden departures from home and confusion about p. 262 his identity as
M a. psychogenic flight disorder.
b. dissociative amnesia.
c. dissociative fugue.
d. dissociative identity disorder.
8.56 Which of the following disorders is/are more commonly diagnosed in females?
Ans. D a. dissociative identity disorder Con b. depersonalization disorder p. 262 c. dissociative fugue
E d. both a and b
8.57 Depersonalization occurs
Ans. A a. as a symptom of several other physical and mental disorders.
Fac b. more commonly in males than in females.
p. 262 c. in isolation from the occurrence of derealization.
E d. as a rare and dysfunctional reaction to severe stressors.
8.58 Paula has a dissociative disorder. Which of the following characteristics is LEAST Ans. B likely to describe her?
App a. high hypnotizability p. 263 b. schizotypal symptoms E c. fantasy proneness
8.59 A game, popular in the late 1980s, known as "Dungeons and Dragons" required Ans. C that players create imaginative characters and engage in fantasy-based combat, App spell-casting, and other magical endeavors. Persons most involved in this game p. 263 were probably
M a. low in absorption.
* b. high in derealization.
c. high in absorption.
d. low in somatization.
8.60 What have Steve Lynn and his colleagues found in regard to a person's vulnerability Ans. D to dissociative disorders?
Fac a. There appears to be a relationship between child abuse and dissociative p. 263 symptoms.
M b. There appears to be no relationship between creativity and dissociative symptoms.
c. There is a high need for dependency among persons likely to develop dissociative disorders.
d. There appears to be a relationship between fantasy proneness and dissociative symptoms.
8.61 Priscilla has completed a questionnaire that shows she is extremely high on Ans. D fantasy proneness. What prediction might you make about her?
App a. She is likely to exhibit symptoms of dissociation, p. 263 b. She is likely to malinger a dissociative identity disorder.
M c. She is likely to exhibit symptoms of clinical depression, d. both a and c
8.62 The process of "dissociation" believed to underlie the dissociative disorders could Ans. C be reconceptualized to include each of the following EXCEPT
Con a. fantasy proneness.
p. 263-4 b. self-hypnotizability.
E c. creativity.
d. role-playing.
8.63 Ariel finds it easy to ignore everything around her in order to lose herself in a Ans. B novel. She is also quite suggestible, and her aunt reports that Ariel was abused by App her parents in her first three years of life before being placed in a foster home.
p. 263-4 Which disorder is Ariel MOST likely to develop?
E a. dissociative amnesia
b. dissociative identity disorder c. somatization disorder
d. schizophrenia
8.64 According to Frank Putnam and colleagues, what is the primary causal factor in Ans. B dissociative identity disorder?
Fac a. high hypnotizability
Fac a. high hypnotizability