Medio físico

The following is a summary of research findings after analysing data using grounded theory techniques:

Some women see coming to South Africa to better their situation as a coping strategy;

Creating a livelihood to achieve consistency of income is seen as a coping strategy;

Relying on an underpaid job in an abusive environment when lacking an alternative can also be seen as a coping strategy;

99 Reducing the quality and amount of food is seen by some as a coping strategy;

Relying on religion and its practices as a coping strategy among some is evident;

Some of the women rely on donations from the CMC and other organisations or beneficiaries as a coping strategy;

Some women will turn to prostitution as a coping strategy;

Some women are begging in the streets of Johannesburg as a coping strategy;

All the women participating in the study rely on the Centre Administrator, Bishop Paul Verryn, as a coping strategy;

Some of the research participants rely on the Centre Administrator for resources for the baby;

The young women in their twenties staying in the refugee community will rather rely on the Centre Administrator than the security group when abused, grabbed or assaulted;

Relying on “boyfriends” is a coping strategy pursued by a few of the women in the CMC. 6.6 Validity and Reliability

To reach the goal of objectivity, validity and reliability in qualitative research, extensive field notes and performed member checks were made. This was to make sure texts match or could be adjusted to the unpredictable changes in the research process. Member checks assured that the interviewees felt that data was correct according to the answers they gave. Having had a supervisor may also have contributed to the validity as the outside person is able to assist in identifying problems, errors and biases in the research process (Babbie & Mouton, 2008:275- 276).

6.7 Ethical Considerations

Neuman (2000:130) writes that ethical considerations start and end with the researcher. He also states that the researcher‟s personal moral beliefs and codes are what will prevent unethical

100 behaviour. The researcher‟s integrity and values have a great influence on ethics during

research, and the researcher should consult his or her conscience before, during and after collecting data. Voluntarily informed consent and confidentiality was stressed during the research process and was further described in chapter 3.

6.8 Limitations of Study

Babbie and Mouton (2008:276) argue that maintaining objectivity, reliability and validity throughout the research process should be the ultimate goal, but is never completely successful. There will always be errors which lead to limitations in our work. Sarantakos (2005) emphasises limitations in the grounded theory approach to be based on the researcher‟s subjectivity and warns that the “high level of arbitrary decisions” (2005:350) may lead to limitations in the study. The researcher acknowledges that the limitations may be pertinent for this treatise, but consulting appropriate literature and attempting to carry out research guided by relevant methodology were carried out to lessen the limitations of study. The researcher‟s being aware of her own

standpoint in the research process which may lead to bias was further discussed in chapter 3.

6.9 Recommendations

To propose recommendations for the female Zimbabwean refugees living in the CMC is

complicated as more research would be necessary before conclusions of that nature can be made. The researcher has, however, made an attempt to arrive at recommendations inspired by the research findings presented in chapter 5.

Further and more efficient attempts should be made to manage the conflict in Zimbabwe so the need for its population to cross borders to survive will not be necessary. A solution to the conflict is crucial to better the lives of the people of Zimbabwe and the international community must continue putting pressure on its leaders so as to create a democratic country which allows its citizens to make a peaceful living.

Refugees and asylum seekers should get access to appropriate documentation. The Department of Home Affairs should become more efficient so as to provide the vulnerable group with the right papers to prevent their being abused by employers.

101 Police and other law enforcement agencies should treat all human being with the same respect whether they are refugees, asylum seekers or local South Africans.

A better understanding of refugees and their difficulties in a new country by local South Africans is crucial so as to prevent xenophobia and prejudice which the vulnerable group often face in their meeting with locals, employers and institutions. More information could be made available to local South Africans through various channels to improve their knowledge about refugees.

NGOs or other agencies could offer assistance when dealing with DHA or give legal assistance. There might be channels that do this already which emphasises the need for refugees to be enlightened about their rights as it seems that many of them are not aware of these.

Invite NGO‟s, universities or conflict resolution specialists to offer the refugee community in the CMC training in conflict management, which will allow them to perhaps avoid some of the less desirable coping strategies.

Alternatively, one or a few members within the refugee community can be trained in refugee rights so that they might be able to impart knowledge to other people in the community.

A re-evaluation of the security in the church building is necessary so as to prevent theft and harassment. The refugees staying there should feel safe with the knowledge that the group tasked with the maintenance of security is free from corruption and there for them if they need assistance.

6.10 Summary

Refugee flow into urban centres is a relevant problem of our time. When a population grows, resources become stressed and this leads to conflict. Therefore refugees‟ distress after escaping conflict does not end on arriving in a new place because new conflict manifests itself there too, and this can include the struggle for space, work and money. “The processes and modalities of humanitarian work need to be adapted – maybe even transformed – to enable us to meet the basic living requirements and protection needs of the urban displaced” (Tibaijuka, 2010:4). To arrive at conclusions that can resolve this issue, research on major problems which refugees

102 encounter in an urban setting and their ways of coping with the problems is needed. This treatise has made an attempt to provide more knowledge on this subject.

This treatise does not aim to suggest a resolution for the issue of the urban displaced because more on-going research would be necessary to reach conclusions of that nature, but the aim has rather been to highlight more information which will enhance an understanding of the plight of refugees and hopefully contribute to an improvement in the lives of this vulnerable group.

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