NEGOCIACIÓN COLECTIVA EN EL COMPLEJO AUTOMOTOR

101. The quality of unstressed short vowels in the interior of words is altogether dependent on that of the flanking consonants.There is, however, a tendency for ŏ in this position, whatever its origin, to become u, and this leads to constant fluctuation in the spelling. In Wb. this change is found chiefly when o has the minimum amount of stress: the pretonic preverbs ro no do fo usually turn into ru nu du fu between a particle and the verb; e.g. ro·pridchissem 'we have preached' as against ma ru·predchisem 'if we have preached'; do·gniat 'they do', a n-du·gniat 'that which they do', etc. Subsequent levelling obliterated this distinction; thus in Wb. II.ru du have become the usual forms of these prefixes.

Conversely, o sometimes appears for unstressed u when the preceding syllable contains o; e.g. ·molor 'I praise' Wb. 14c_{18 instead of -ur; lobro 'weaker' 17}b_{29 instead of -u; orgo 'I slay' ZCP. XII. 106 instead of}

-u; i tossogod 'in the beginning' Wb. 24c_{17 for tossugud; etarrogo 'selection' Sg. 205}b_{1, as against normal}

rogu 'choice'.

The interchange of e and i is rarer; see examples below ( § 103, 1, 4 ).

The treatment of long vowels in unstressed syllables is substantially the same as in stressed. For compensatorily lengthened é and í see § 55.102. (a) Unstressed vowels in closed syllables. An unstressed short vowel, whatever its origin, which stands between two consonants belonging to the same syllable is written as follows:

1. Between palatal consonants i; e.g. berid 'bears' (U+03Ci_--δi_{), su(i)digthir 'is placed' (δ}i_--γi_--thi_--ρi_);

quite exceptionally e, e.g. soírfed 'he will free' Wb. 32d_{13 (f}i_--δi_).

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2. Between neutral consonants a; e.g. teglach 'household' from teg 'house' and slóg 'troop'; as·rubart 'has said' (βa_--ra_ta_{); apstal 'apostolus' (t}a_{-- λ}a_{); acaldam 'addressing' (gg}a_--la_da_--μa_).

3. Between u-quality consonants u; e.g. cumung (μu_--ηu_gu_{), dat. of cumang 'power'; ilur (λ}u_--ρu_{), dat.}

of ilar 'great number'; 'exceptionally o, e.g. aidbligod (γu_--δu_{) 'intensification' Sg. 216}a_3.

4. Between a palatal and a neutral consonant e; e.g. tuirem 'enumeration' (ρi_--μa_{), sessed (s}i_--δa₎

'sixth', ro·foilsigestar 'has made clear' (γi_--sa_),

For the rare spelling ea in Ml. see § 87. In archaic 'rhetorical' texts ia occurs; e.g. gabiam 'let us take' Auraic. 5087, later gaibem; Lugthiach LL 287a_{22, later Lugdech (gen. of Luguid); cp. i n-}

égthiar 'wherein is cried out' RC. XX. 154, later -éigther (cp. ZCP. XIV. 4, XIX. 208).

5. Between a neutral and a palatal consonant, in the earlier period frequently i, later as a rule ai; e.g. fodil fodail 'share' from fo and dáil; rethit rethait 'they run' (tha_--di_{); æcilse æcaillse ( Wb. 22}c₂₀₎

gen. 'of the Church' (ga_--li_).

6. Between a u-quality and a palatal consonant i or ui; e.g. manchib manchuib Arm. (chu_--βi_{), dat. pl.}

of manach 'monk'; cosmil cosmuil Wb. 'like' (μu_--λi_{); senmim senmuim Wb. (μ}u_--mi_{), dat. sg. of}

senim 'act of playing (a musical instrument)'.

7. Between a palatal and a u-quality consonant iu; e.g. imniud (vi_--δu_{) dat. sg. of imned 'suffering';}

ancretmiuch (μi_--chu_{) dat. of ancretmech 'unbelieving'; archaic u in ru·laimur 'I dare' (μ}i_--ρu_{), Wb. I.}

17c_21.

8. Between a u-quality and a neutral consonant o or u; e.g. figor fiugor 'figura' (γu_--ρa_{); flechod}

fleuchud 'wetting, rain' (chu_--δa_).

9. Between a neutral and a u-quality consonant o or u; e.g. dénom dénum 'doing' (va_--μu_{); ad·ágor}

·águr 'I fear' (γa_--ρu_{); atrob atrub (t}a_ρa_--βu_{), dat. of atrab 'dwelling'.}

In 8 and 9 both consonants may have early developed an intermediate, (o-) quality.

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103. (b) The treatment of unstressed vowels in open syllables is similar to that in closed, except that there is more fluctuation in the spelling. They- appear:

1. Between palatal consonants as i, seldom as e; e.g. foilsigidir 'makes clear' (si_--γi_--δi_{); timtherecht}

'service' Wb. 13b_{28 beside timthirecht 10}d_{17 (th}i_--ρi_).

2. Between neutral consonants as a; e.g. ro·comalnada 'have been fulfilled' (na_--δa_{); even where the}

following consonant has developed secondary u- or o- quality, e.g. toglenamon 'adherence' Sg. 104b_{2 from -glenamn (with μ}a_va_{), see § § 112, 173.}

3. Between u-quality consonants as u, e.g. cruthugud 'formation' (thu_--γu_).

4. Between a palatal and a neutral consonant usually as e, occasionally as i; e.g. caillecha 'nuns' (li_--

cha_{); forcetal forcital 'teaching' (k}i_--da_{); do·rolgida 'have been forgiven' Ml. 32}c_{15 beside do·rolgetha}

Wb. 26c_{11 (γ}i_--tha_{, δ}a_).

5. Between a neutral and a palatal consonant mostly as i in the earlier period, later as ai and

sometimes a; e.g. con·osciget ·oscaiget 'they move' (ka_--γi_{); nos·comalnithe 'fulfil (sg.) them' Wb.}

30a_{1 (n}a_--thi_{) beside cia chomallaide 'though ye fulfil' Ml. 95}c_{3; forgare 'command' Sg. 161}b_{12 (g}a_--

ρi_{). otherwise forgaire forngaire; mórate 'which magnify' Wb, 6}a_{9 (ρ}a_--di_).

6. Between a u-quality and a palatal consonant as u or ui, rarely as i; e.g. cosmulius and cosmuilius 'similarity' Wb. (μu_--λi_{) beside the isolated spelling cosmilius 8}b_{7; sochude and sochuide 'multitude'}

Wb. (chu_--δi_{) beside sochide Thes. II. 17, 33.}

7. Between a palatal and a u-quality consonant as i, rarely as iu; e.g. su(i)digud vb.n. 'placing' (δi_--γu_);

inuilliugud vb.n. 'safeguarding' Ml. 35d_{1 (l}i_--γu_).

8. Between a u-quality and a neutral consonant, as well as between a neutral and a u-quality consonant, mostly as u, more rarely as o; e.g. cétbutho Sg. 25b_{7 (β}u_--tha_{), gen. sg. of cétbuith}

'sense'; dílgotho Wb. 2c_{17 beside dílgudo dílgutha dílguda Ml. (γ}u_--tha _{or δ}a_{), gen. of dílgud}

'forgiveness'; adbartugud 'opposition' (ta_--γu_{) Ml. 26}b_{20 beside ménogud 'hiatus' (v}a_--γu_{) Sg. 40}b_8;

occasionally with mutation of quality in the vowel of the following syllable: immdogod (for

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-gud) 'enhancement' 216b_{3 (see § 101 ). Obviously at an early period this became identical in quality with}

3.

There are also instances such as dommatu (arch. dommetu) 'poverty' (from domm(a)e 'poor') where the u-quality consonant exerts no influence.104. But there are frequent exceptions to the foregoing rules, for which two factors are responsible:

a. In obvious compounds the vocalism of the simplex is retained, e.g. forloiscthe 'igni examinatus' Ml. 31c_{28, with oi instead of ai in the unstressed syllable on the model of loiscthe 'burnt'.}

b. The vocalism of one form may spread to another; e.g. condeilgg Sg. 42a_{4, coindeulc coindeulgg 3}b_1.

25b_{2, gen. and dat. sg. of nom. acc. condelg 'comparison' 42}a_{6, etc.; bindiusa Sg. 23}a_{3, gen. sg. of}

nom. acc. dat. bindius 'sonority' though the s of the genitive never had u-quality.

The rules in § 102 f. apply to the period at which u-quality was still largely preserved (cp. §174 ). On the other hand, they do not hold good for archaic texts, which often retain an earlier vocalism: e.g. coicsath 'compassion' Cam. (com+céssath), later coicsed ; fugell 'judgement' Wb. I. 9c_{5, afterwards fugall (cp. §}

169 ). Even by the end of the eighth century the representation of earlier o often fluctuates; e.g. U+00W1rusc and árasc (*_{ad-rosc) 'maxim' Ml., folud and folad 'substance' (from} *_{fo-lōth, W. golud}

'wealth') Wb., Sg.; in Sg. 28b_{20 both forms occur in the same gloss. Evidently many unstressed interior}

vowels had become quite indistinct, and the five Latin vocalic symbols did not suffice for their exact representation.

105. The quality of unstressed vowels after other vowels is often determined entirely by the

consonants closing the syllable. Thus they become a before neutral consonants; e.g. lïacc, gen. sg. of lie 'stone'; deac(c) in numeral adjs. '-teen' ( § 391 ), but déec still Wb. 15b_{1; arch. oëc 'young' ZCP. XI. 93}

§ 22, óac Sg. 38a_{7, etc.; suad 'of a wise man' (su-wid-). Cp. the declension of bïad 'food', gen. biid biith,}

dat. biud.

Unstressed a between i and a palatal consonant is narrowed only to e; e.g. bieid, also written bied, 'he will be' from *_bïathi _{(conj. ·bïa), 3 pl. bieit biet; con·dïeig 'demands' from dí- ṡaig (beside con·daig with}

the vocalism of the simplex);

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ïern Thes. I. 2, 15, gen. sg. of ïarn 'iron'. Cp. also dat. sg. lïeic 'stone' § 321.

Subsequently e reverts to a; e.g. lieig 'physician', later liaig; híairn 'of iron' Thes. II. 249, 6. But liic also occurs beside liaic for lieic.

For other vowels, cp. tëoir tëuir (fem.) 'three', dïuit 'simple' (to fot 'length').

SYNCOPE