PEDAGOGÍA DEL DISCURSO Construcción del género

Soil properties are important indices of land degradation and productivity potential. The authors evaluate the interrelationship between selected soil properties vis-à-vis land use and slope gradient in a small catchment on Mt. Elgon in Uganda. The studied properties are soil texture, soil acidity, soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sodium. Two predominant land uses on Mt. Elgon: annual land use (ALU) and perennial land use (PLU); and three slope gradient categories: low gradient, moderate gradient and steep gradient categories are considered. The results show that soil properties on Mt. Elgon are highly variable and are primarily influenced by the soil-terrain relationship as opposed to the soil-land use one. Moreover, it is evident that the quantities of soil properties observed under PLU, which is invariably assumed to possess better soil properties, are not any different from those of the ALU environment. Land management strategies should therefore prioritize interventions that are terrain-oriented. The results also show that soils on steep slopes have better nutrient and water retention capacities than those on gentler slopes, thereby disputing the validity of the commonly-held notion that low slope gradient areas are often less degraded and require relatively less attention. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

222 Bongyereirwe, Henry

Journal of African Media Studies: (2010), vol. 2, no. 2, p. 193-208 : foto's.

ASC Subject Headings

War has raged in northern Uganda for the last two decades. The conflict between rebels of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), led by Joseph Kony, and the government of President Yoweri Museveni has left hundreds dead and many more maimed. According to a recent count, nearly two million have been displaced by the insurgency. As a result of this conflict, many inhabitants of northern Uganda fled their homes to live in Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in appalling conditions. Women and children have been at the heart of the suffering. Child abductions were the order of the day in the region. Most children today testify how they were forced by the rebels to fight and commit atrocities. Many girls have been raped and others have been forcefully married to the rebels. However, reconstruction efforts are now underway following a series of peace negotiations between the two warring parties. Government, civil society, donor agencies and media institutions are joining the northern Uganda reconstruction campaign. This visual essay presents images of reconstruction efforts that are normally absent in mainstream media. It is concerned with showing the resilience of the human spirit. Ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

223 Byekwaso, Ndinwane

Review of African Political Economy: (2010), vol. 37, no. 126, p. 517-525 : tab.

EAST AFRICA - UGANDA

ASC Subject Headings

In a recent book entitled 'Uganda's economic reforms: insider accounts', (F. Kuteesa et al., 2010), Uganda's economic performance is portrayed as a role model in reducing poverty. The present paper is a critique of two chapters in the book, one by A. Whitworth and T. Williamson (p. 1-34), focusing on economic performance and poverty reduction, and another by M. Kakande (p. 226-245), dealing with poverty monitoring. Using the perspective of peasants in rural areas and informal sector traders in urban areas, particularly Kampala City, the critique focuses on the weaknesses of the use in the two articles of economic growth rates and poverty reduction levels in determining the portrayed good economic performance in Uganda. It argues that growth rates give a false impression of economic performance, and that the method of measuring poverty reduction in Uganda on the basis of consumption expenditure has numerous shortfalls. Bibliogr. [ASC Leiden abstract]

224 Godfrey, Asiimwe B.

Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review: (2010), vol. 26, no. 2, p. 1-30 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings:

This paper argues that although women are the major producers of income-generating crops in Uganda's dominant peasant households, they are marginalized concerning major decisions and control of resources. Household and meso-level marketing structures and institutions are within patriarchal power relations, and women have to reposition themselves vis-à-vis household resources through direct and indirect struggle. There are, however, also cases of mutual cooperation. There have been gradual changes, especially during the era of reforms. However, these have not yet achieved women's empowerment and institutional transformation for the meaningful positioning of women with regard to household resources. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

225 Kisakye, Peter

African Journal of AIDS Research: (2009), vol. 8, no. 3, p. 255-260 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings

Conception among HIV-positive individuals is an important health and social issue. However, the proportion of HIV-positive women who conceive while being aware of their

EAST AFRICA - UGANDA

serostatus and the factors that influence this decision is not well documented. In a cross- sectional study, 385 HIV-positive women in the labour ward at Mulago Hospital, Uganda, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Variables were compared for women in two groups: those who conceived while knowing their HIV-positive status and those who discovered their HIV status during pregnancy. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to assess confounding variables and interactions. The data show that one in every three HIV-positive women in the study population conceived despite being HIV- positive. Women who conceived while knowing they were HIV-positive differed from those who conceived without knowing their HIV status in regard to employment status, marital status, the employment status of their spouse/partner, and their intention to conceive. Logistic regression showed that factors independently associated with conception in this sample of HIV-positive women were: age below 25 years; unemployment; carrying a first pregnancy; being unaware of her partner's HIV status; having an awareness of ARVs; and having regrets about conceiving while being HIV-positive. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

226 Kyakuwa, Margaret

African Journal of AIDS Research: (2009), vol. 8, no. 3, p. 367-378.

ASC Subject Headings

This paper explores the workplace experiences of HIV-positive nurses and their attempts to manage HIV/AIDS stigma. An HIV diagnosis can have a major impact on an individual's psychological and emotional wellbeing. Moreover, caring for those suffering from chronic HIV-related illnesses comes with additional stress, which makes providing care more complex. Stigma-reduction and assisting with psychosocial support and wellbeing is an integral part of ensuring that care providers who are HIV-positive have good outcomes both for themselves and their patients. An ethnographic study with HIV-positive nurses was conducted from August 2005 to December 2007 at a Health Centre IV HIV clinic in rural Luweero district, Uganda. Data were gathered through clinical participant observation, informal conversations, recorded life histories, open-ended in-depth interviews and topical focus group discussions. Nurses are in a position to help people through negative life events, yet they may personally experience the same types of negative life events. In the absence of a system to provide support for HIV and AIDS clinical care providers, a group of HIV-positive nurses initiated a support process by creating safe spaces for interacting and seeking psychosocial support among themselves in a relatively secretive way. This process provided the nurses with a solid foundation for developing interventions to assist them through difficult times. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

EAST AFRICA - UGANDA

227 Lakwo, Alfred

Alfred Lakwo - In: Africa Development: (2008), vol. 33, no. 2, p. 117-140 : fig., graf., tab.

ASC Subject Headings

This paper addresses a current methodological gap in poverty measurement, which stems from acknowledging the multidimensionality of poverty, on the one hand, and using an income/consumption measurement of poverty as the norm, on the other. The current income-based measure of poverty presents only part of measuring poverty status as a whole. The consumption basket is wrongly taken by those of economic inclination to wholly represent the entire, even nonmonetary valued, range of poverty. The paper approaches this dilemma through the example of the Agency for Accelerated Regional Development (AFARD), a local NGO currently operating in Nebbi District, Uganda. AFARD's main activities are embedded in capacity-building of "poor" marginalized communities to realize sustainable livelihoods. However, lack of clarity as to who the poor are or what poverty is presented AFARD with a dilemma as to how to account to its stakeholders. The paper uses a participatory and community-driven approach, where the subjective views of people are used to define and categorize the poor, contrary to the poverty line approach. Such categorization was based on the perceived wellness of life and what made/denied wellness. A survey follows to explore the quantitative scope of poverty. This participatory, qualitative and quantitative mix of method, it is argued, provides for ascertaining organizational accountability in terms of the relevance of programme targeting and outreach as well as performance measurement over time. The method can also be used to deepen current participatory poverty assessments that simply stop at defining and identifying poverty causes, effects and solutions. App., bibliogr., notes, sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract, edited]

228 Magara, Elisam

Elisam Magara - In: Journal of Higher Education in Africa: (2009), vol. 7, no. 3, p. 61-86.

ASC Subject Headings

Public universities all over the world are continually facing challenges arising from increasing expectations from government and the public for universities to serve the broader needs of society. This has impacted the universities' ability to offer their core functions of teaching and learning, research and outreach. The present paper reviews the current resource allocation models, reforms and developments of higher education in Uganda. Despite the available options of funding strategies - donor contributions, government support and the Appropriation in Aid (AIA), Makerere University still faces the dilemma of unfinished business. The block allocation model currently used by Makerere

EAST AFRICA - UGANDA

University, which is based on fixed percentages to units, has led to a lack of co-oordination of services in the university. This has led to difficulty in supporting university-wide services. Based on sources such as books, dissertations, newspaper articles, and meetings, workshops, seminar and conference papers, this study attempts to provide strategic directions for Makerere University in ensuring effective resource allocation and prioritisation of the University budget in accordance with its core functions. It does so by suggesting restructuring from the current percentage-based budgeting to activity-based budgeting and expenditure allocation where the budgets clearly outline the activities expected in the various units for the financial year. Bibliogr., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

229 Muhumuza, William

Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review: (2010), vol. 26, no. 1, p. 1-21.

ASC Subject Headings

The growing partnerships between the State and civil society organizations (CSOs) in the development process of aid-dependent States such as Uganda are largely explained by the New Policy Agenda, which puts emphasis on a minimalist State and an enhanced role for civil society. This article observes that the partnership has been derailed by conflicting interests, approaches, suspicions and competition for aid and legitimacy. It also points out that the partnership has been affected by the State's goal to coopt CSOs while CSOs also suffer from dependency, lack of downward accountability and linkages to grassroots organizations, which compromise their autonomy and legitimacy. The article argues that unless a framework is established in which terms of collaboration are spelled out for purposes of coordination and conflict resolution, the partnership in poverty reduction may not achieve significant gains. Bibliogr., note, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

230 Mujuzi, Jamil Ddamulira

African Human Rights Law Journal: (2009), vol. 9, no. 2, p. 576-589.

ASC Subject Headings

On 21 January 2009, the Supreme Court of Uganda handed down a judgment in which it held that the death penalty was constitutional, that a mandatory death sentence was unconstitutional, that hanging as a mode of execution was not cruel and inhuman, and that the death row phenomenon is cruel and inhuman and therefore unconstitutional. Although the Constitution of Uganda does not empower or require the Court to refer to international law or foreign case law in interpreting the Constitution, the Court relied heavily on international human rights treaties and jurisprudence in arriving at its decision. This article

EAST AFRICA - UGANDA

has three purposes: one, to show how the Ugandan Court used international law and foreign case law in its judgment; two, to analyse the Court's orders; and third to recommend that the Constitution of Uganda be amended to empower or require courts to refer to international law and foreign case law in interpreting the country's Constitution. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

231 Mushemeza, Elijah Dickens

Africa Development: (2009), vol. 34, no. 3/4, p. 167-206 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings

This paper on the contribution of women in influencing legislation and policy formulation and implementation in Uganda in the period 1995-2005 is premised on the assumption that there is still much more to be done, though women have made some contributions towards the advancement of gender equality and empowerment. This is because the institution of patriarchy is still strong, and sufficient gender mainstreaming in the determination of policy choices and legislations and how these affect the quality of life for both women and men, particularly in the areas of family, health and education, is still lacking. The paper argues that although the government has been implementing a gender sensitive and responsive constitution, and despite the fact that the number of women participating in politics and governance has been steadily increasing, their participation has not had the desired impact on legislations and policies to make them gender sensitive and responsive to women's rights, interests and needs. The sectors of health, education and family are selected for the analysis because these are areas where women are affected most. The paper proposes policy recommendations on how to scale up women's impact on policies and legislation for gender equality and women's empowerment. Bibliogr., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract, edited]

SOUTHEAST CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN AFRICA

GENERAL

232 Dederen, Jean-Marie

Jean-Marie Dederen - In: Nordic Journal of African Studies: (2010), vol. 19, no. 1, p. 23-42 : ill.