yTpomKOM eHeprMje),
2) nocTM3ahbe HajnoBOTbHMjMx npofleca TpaHcc}3op- MapMje eHeprMje,
3) KOHCTpyKflMOHM pa3no3M (cjeflMHbaBapbe eKO-
homckmxmTepMOflMHaMMHKMx ycnoBa).
n P M M E H R n flP H M X TV P E -M H fl ) \ )
riapHe Typ6MHe ce npMMehbyjy y eHepreTMflM, MHfly- CTpnjM mcao6pafcajy. OHe pafle mmpho, 6e3 BenMKMx noTpeca m BM6paflMja, anM 3axTeBajy BenMKy Ta- HHOCT M npeL(M3H0CT npM M3paflM M M0HT3>KM. 3aXTe- Bajy penaTMBHO BenMKa MHBecTMLjMona ynarahba, Kao mbmcokhmboayTOMaTM3aflMje nocTpojert.a.
napHe Typ6MHe ce npnMeibyjy y TepMoeneKTpaHa- Ma, rfle ce nocpeflCTBOM napHe Typ6nHe npeTBapa TonnoTHa eHeprnja y MexaHMHKM pafl Kojn ce ko- Pmctm 3a noKpeTahte eneKTpnnHor reHepaTopa 3a npoH3BOflLt>y cTpyje. Ha cnnpM 3.30 npMKa3aHa je MaujMHCKa cana TepMoeHepreTCKor nocTpojetba.
napHe Typ6nHe ce Mory npnMeHHTH m y komćmho-
b3Hom TepMoeHepreTCKOM nocTpojehby Koje cny>KM 3a npoM3BOfltby eneKTpnHHe mTonnoTHe eHeprnje, y TaK03B3HMM TepMoeneKTpaHaMa - TonnaHaMa. Obo
je Bpno noroflaH o6nnK eKcnnoaTapnje TonnoTHe eHeprnje. Ha cnnflM 3.31 je npnKa3aH cnojtaujHDM M3rnefl KOMĆMHOBaHor nocTpojeHaa 3a npoM3BOflH>y eneKTpMHHe n TonnoTHe eHeprnje. y obom cnynajy TonnoTHa eHeprnja ce kopmctm flBOjaKO, mto 3a Te- XHonouiKM npopec m 3a rpejan>e noTpouiana.
Ocmm OBora, napHe Typ6nHe ce Mory npnMerbHBa™
n y cao6patiajy 3a noroH ćpoflOBa, lutoje flaHac Beh petje, m y o6nnKy CTai4MOHapHnx napHnx Typ6iiHa.
O npnMeHii napHnx Typ6nHa y HyKneapHMM eneKTpa- HaMa 6ntie roBopa y 3ace6HOM nornaBfby o HyKne- apHMM nocTpojei-bMMa.
CnnKa 3.31. - Cnorbamhbn M3rnefl nocTpojehba 3a npon3BOflrby eneKTpnHHe n TonnoTHe eHeproje
3.H .2. r f lC H O T V F E M H C K O n O C T F O J E h b E
racHe Typ6iiHe y6pajaMO y HajcaBpeMeHiije ypetjaje.
To cy poTa^noHe MarnnHe Mnjn je npnHLji/in pafla Bpno cnimaH napHoj Typ6nHn. PaflHii dpnyv\f\ y ra- CHOj Typ6tiHn je rac. TacHa Typ6iiHa ce npnMerbyje Kao CTaćmiHa MainnHa 3a npon3BOflrtjy eneKTpnHHe eHeprnje n 3a rioroH aBHona.
TacHa Typ6nHa je HeuiTO cno>KeHMje rpalje ofl napHe Typ6nHe. riofl racHHM Typ6nHCKiiM nocTpojerbeM no- flpa3yMeBaM0, ocmm Typ6iiHe, jorn KOMnpecop m rpej- Hy KOMopy. Pafl racHe Typ6iiHe je Moryti Ha ocHOBy eKcnaH3nje raca Kojn ce npeTXOflHO caćnja y kom- npecopy m 3arpeBa y rpejHoj komopm. KoMnpecop ycncaBa cnoibaujrbn Ba3flyx m caćnja ra, a 33thm
noTMCKyje y rpejHy KOMopy. H3 rpejHe KOMope fleo caĆMjeHor Ba3flyxa nponyujTa ce Kpo3 nnaMeHy flee rfle ce ropMBO nanM, a ocTaTaK ce ynyftyje oko OBe fleBM Kojy yjeflHO m xnaflM. MemaBMHOM OBor flpyror flena Ba3flyxa ca cTBopeHMM racoBMMa y nnaMeHoj fleBM cTBapa ce >KejteHM rac, cnocoćaH 3a o6pTarte Typ6MHe.
Ofl npoM3BefleHe CHare oko 1/3 ce npeflaje ejieK- tpmhhom reHepaTopy, flOK ce 2/3 KopMCTe 3a noroH concTBeHor KOMnpecopa. KoMnpecop, Typ6MHa m re- HepaTop ce Hana3e Ha 3ajeflHMHK0M BpaTMJiy. Y rpejHoj komopm ce pa3BMja TeMnepaTypa 3H3tho bm- uja ofl noTpeĆHe Ha yna3y y Typ6MHy. noTpeĆHa BpeflHOCT TeMnepaType je 700-900°C, uito ce no- CTM>xe MeuiaHieM ca BefcOM kojimhmhom Ba3flyxa.
CaBpeMeHe racHe Typ6MHe KopMCTe pa3JiMHMTa ropMBa, Kao ujto cy Kepo3MH KOfl aBMOHa, 3aTMM racoBMTa m TenHa ropMBa KOfl cTaflMOHapHMx racHMx Typ6MHa y eHepreTMflM.
CaBpeMeHO racHOTyp6MHCKO nocTpojeHae npMKa3a-
ho je na criMflM 3.32.
riyMnoM ce ropMBO flOBOflM flo ropMOHMKa. Ba3flyx noTpećaH 3a caropeBarbe ca6Mja ce KOMnpecopoM, a npeTXOflHO ce 3arpeBa y rpejHoj komopm.
CaropeBaH>e y komopm je nofl kohct3hthmm npMTM-
ckom, a eKcnaH3Mja npoflyKaTa caropeBai-ba bpujm
ce flo aTMOCcjjepcKor npMTMCKa.
OCMM 0B3KBMX jeflHOCTaBHMjMX raCHOTyp6MHCKMX nocTpojeHaa flaHac ce cBe BMUie rpafle cno>KeHMja racHOTyp6MHCKa nocTpojerba ca BMiuecTeneHOM ra-
chom Typ6nHOM .1 moi ytiHOUJtiy MCKopMUJtiaBarba to- nnoTHe eHeprnje M3Jia3HMX racoBa.
3a ca6njai-be racoBa n nape cny>Ke KOMnpecopM ko- jn cBojoM noMotiHOM onpeMOM TaKOlie Mory, a Haj- Heuutie m HMHe, jeflHO eHepreTCKO nocTpojeibe.
1 2 3 4 5 6
CnnKa 3.32. - racH0Typ6uHCK0 nocipojeH=e: 1 - aKcnjannn KOMnpecop,
2 - 6pn3rarbKa 3a ropnBO, 3 - nnaMGHa peB, 4 - rpejHa KOMopa, 5 - cnojHHL(a,
6 - racHa Typ6nHa, 7 - en. reHepaTop, 8 - cTapTep (aHnacep), 9 - yna3 aTMOccj/epcKor Ba3flyxa, 10 - H3na3 npoflyKaTa caropeBarba.
CBaKM eaeMeHT xnflponocTpo- jehta MMa oflpel5eHy 4)yHKqnjy y CKnony HMTaBor XMflpoTyp6nH- CKor nocTpojes-ba. KnacncjDHKa- qwja xnflponocTpojeH3a MO>Ke ce M3BpLUMTM Ca pa3J1MHMTMX CTaHOBMLUTa.
i flpeMa HanMHy KopMLutiei-ba BOfleHe eneprMje Mory 6mtm: 1. npoTOHHa XMflponocTpojeHDa
(rpafle ce Ha peKaMa, Hnp.
„"Bepflan"),
2. aKyMynai4MOHa XMflponocTpo- jerba (rpafle ce Ha MecTMMa rfle nocTojM npMpoflHa mhm
BeLUTanKa aKyMynaqMja - je- 3epa, Hnp. BnacMHa, JlMMCKe eneKTpaHe).
B.H.B. : flO C TF'
MJDJF O T y F B H H C K R j JE h t-h
XMflpaynMHHM motopm cy MamMHe KOje npoM3BOfle MexaHMHKM pafl Ha panyH noTeHflMjanHe eHepraje BOfle. fla 6m pacnono>KMBy eHeprMjy BOfle npeTeo- pMnM y MexaHMHKM pafl, OflHOCHO y eneKTpMHHy eHeprMjy, HeonxoflHO je pacnonaraTM HM30M ypet5aja n o6jeK3Ta nopefl Typ6MHe m reHepaTopa Kao rna- BHMX CaCT3BHMX flenOBa XMflpOTyp6MHCKOr nocTpo- jerba. EneMeHTM XMflpOTyp6MHCKor nocTpojeeba M3BaH Typ6MHCKe Kyhe HMHe cnojbamrbM fleo xMflpo- Typ6MHCKor nocTpojeHba (xMflponocTpojei-ba).
li ripeMa onTepeherby Mory 6mtm:
1. epiuHa xMflponocTpojei-ba (pafle noBpeMeHO y ne- pMOflMMa
senMKe
noTpoiuhbeeneKTpMHHe eHep-
rnje),
2. ocHOBHa xMflponocTpojeH3a (pafle CKopo Henpe- KMflHO y TOKy roflMHe).
TnaBHM fleo xMflpoTyp6MHCKor nocTpojeLba cy xm- flpaynMHHe (BOflHe) Typ6MHe Koje no KOHCTpyKflMj- ckmm peiueibMMa Mory 6mtm pa3nMHMTe. Typ6MHe Koje ce flaHac Hajnemhe yrpatjyjy y XMflpoTyp6MHCKa nocTpojerba cy: flenTOHOBa Typ6MHa, OpaHCMCOBa Typ6MHa mKannaHOBa Typ6MHa.
CnnKa 3.33. - llpemiBHa 6paHa xnflpoTyp6nHCKor nocTpojerba
n E / lT O H O E R T ^ F E M H f i
rnaBHM flenoBM Typ6nHe cy: cnpoBOflHo koho
(ycMepeno ko/io nnn npeTKono) n o6ptho paflHO nopefl ycMepaBahba Mna3a paflHe MaTepnje cny>KM m 3a perynncahbe pafla Typ6nHe.
Typ6nHa npnKa3aHa Ha cnnfln peryjimije ce pynHO TaKO ujto ce Konrbe (4) noMepa pynHO npeKo tohk3 (5).
CnMKa 3.34. - flpeceK (nojeflHOCTaBrbeH) llenTOHOBe Typ6nHe
OBaKaB h3hmh peryjincahba npnMeHDyje ce koa
Typ6nHa BeoMa Mannx CHara, flOK ce KOfl Typ6nHa BetiMX CHara npnMeHDyje ayTOMaTCKO perynncai-be,
na cnpoBOflHM anapaT MMa flpyraHnjn M3rnefl, Kao
ujto je npnKa3aHO Ha cnnfln 3.35.
CnnKa 3.35. - EneMeHTM perynaijMje nejiTOHOBe Typ6MHe:
1 - Konrba, 2 - BotjMfla Konjba, 3 - Bpx Konjba, 4 - MJia3HMpe, 5 - CKpeTan MJia3a.
CeKan Mna3a cny>KM 3a 6p30 oflBajaibe Mna3a Ofl paflHor Kona, na ce Ha Taj HannH CKpatiyje BpeMe 3a 3aycTaB/baHDe Typ6nHe. PaflHO Kono (cnnKa 3.34) ce cacTojn M3 BpaTnna (6), flMCKa (7) m paflHnx no- naTMfla (8).
Mna3 M3 cnpoBOflHor anapaTa Hauna3i4 Ha paflHy nonaTMfly y o6nnKy KaniMKe m 6i4Ba npenonoB/beH cennflOM Ha flBe CMMeTpi4HHe nonoBMHe. Mna3 CKpetie fly>K paflHe nonaTHfle n CBojy eHepri4jy npeflaje nonaTHfln y BMfly MexaHHHKor pafla, ujto ce M3pax<aBa o6pTarbeM paflHor Kona. Aohdm fleo Kytii4UJTa (10) hoci4 ne>Ki4UJTa Koja OMoryhyjy o6pTaHDe paflHor Kona n npeKO cnojHMfle CHara ce npeflaje paflHoj MaiunHn Kojy noKpehe xi4flpaynnHHa Typ6i4Ha. FophdH fleo OKnona (9) cny>Ki4 Kao 3a- uiTHTa Typ6nHe a yjeflHO cnpenaBa npcKaHDe BOfle.
■^JJ-FRHCMCOBR T V F E M H f i
TnaBHM flenoBM OpaHcncoBe Typ6i4He cy y ochobh
HCT14 Kao 14 KOfl fleHTpncpyranHe nyMne. flocTpojeibe ca OpaHcncoBOM Typ6i4HOM npi4Ka3aHo je Ha cnnfln 3.36, a i43rnefl caMor paflHor Kona Ha cnnfln 3.37. nyHMM flOBOflOM (TOTanHa). JlonaTHfle npeTKona oćpTHe cy oko CBojnx ocoBMHMfla, tbko fla ce npoMeHOM hbi4XOBor Metjyco6Hor nono>Kaja ocTBapy- je perynaflnja n OflroBapajyhe ycMepaBaHDe BOfleHor Mna3a.
riopefl Typ6i4He, o b o nocTpojeibe cannHDaBa reHe- parap (6) CMeuiTeH y Mami4HCKy c a n y y Kojoj ce
Hana3e n KOMaHflHM cepBO ypetjajn (7). 3a nofli43a-
me eneMeHaTa Typ6i4He n reHepaTopa cny>Ki4 moct- Ha fli43ani4fla (5). H3na3Hi4 n yna3Hn TyHen ce MO>Ke 3aTBopnTi4 noMohy ,,Ta6nacTHx 3aTBapana“ Kojn ce
cnyuiTajy flnsanmjaMa (4) n (8). 3a nnuiheibe pe- uieTaKa nocToje MexaHi430BaHe nncTnnnfle (3).
PaflHO Kono y uinpeM CMi4cny HMHe paflHe nonaTHfle (2) ynBpuiheHe n3Mel5y ropHber BeHfla (1) i4 flOHDer BeHfla (3) i4 BpaTnna (6). Ha cnnfln cy npi4Ka3aHi4 B14jIflH (4) 14 3anTI4BHI4 npCTeHH (5) 14 (7).
flpeMa cnnfln, Ha yna3y y npeTKono jeflHHMfla Mace TenHocTM pacnona>Ke eHeprnjOM (HanoHOM nnn na- flOM) H-|. y npeTKony ce jeflaH fleo HanoHa H, nnn (uito je hcto) jeflaH fleo npi4Ti4CHe eHeprnjoM P-, npeTBapa (TpaHCcfjopMnuje) y Ki4HeTHHKy eHeprnjy.