III. CONCLUSIONES SOBRE EL DESEMPEÑO GLOBAL Y RECOMENDACIONES
2. RECOMENDACIONES
2. We couldn't make it to the meeting because we (delay) ... by an accident on the road.
3. Scientists have discovered that in countries which receive very little sunlight in winter, people (depress) ... more often than those in sunnier countries.
4. They should have been back by now. I (concern) ... about them. 5. He works with clients from so many different countries that sometimes he (con/use)
... and talks to Spaniards in Italian, or to the Japanese in Russian. 6. Studies have shown that children of drug users (often, Invo7ve) ...
with drugs themselves.
7. While I (dress) ... I noticed that there was a tear in my shirt, so I had to wear a different one.
8. I'm sure John (promote) ... to manager when our present manager leaves next month.
9. Mr. Wilson is a brilliant leader, so everybody in his team (aiways, encourage) ... to come up with new ideas in any project.
10. Almost all our furniture on the ground floor (damage) ... in the flood last week.
11. She likes working for the charity, but she (embarrass) ... when she has to appear in public on their behalf.
12. Some of the cycle route was uphill, so I (üre) ...
13. During this holiday with your cousin, you (better, acquaint) ... with him. You might find that you have a lot in common.
14. It's only two weeks now until we fly to Egypt for our holiday. We (both, excite) ... about it.
15. Jean and Neil (divorce) ... at the moment, but it is taking a long time because their lawyers can't agree on the terms.
3-10 " BY PHRASE" OR ANOTHER PREPOSITION
Bazı cümlelerde, eylemi yapan kiĢinin yanı sıra, eylemin hangi araçla yapıldığını da ifade etmek isteriz.
He chopped the wood with an axe.
The wood was chopped with an axe (by him). The burglar hit the owner on the head with a stone.
The owner was hit on the head with a stone (by the burglar.) You must write your compositions in ink.
Your compositions must be written in ink.
Eylemi yapan kiĢi ya da nesneyi "by" ile ifade ederiz: by him, by the burglar, etc. gibi. Eylemi yapmak için kullanılan aracı ise "with, in, on, etc." gibi o sözcüğün kendine özgü preposition'ı ile ifade ederiz: with an axe, with a stone, in ink, etc. gibi. Eğer eylem kendiliğinden gerçekleĢmiĢse, nesneler için de "by phrase" kullanırız.
He was hit on the head with a stone by the burglar. (Vurma eylemini kişi yapıyor.)
A stone rolled down the cliffs and he was injured by the falling stone. (TaĢ kendiliğinden düşüyor.)
EXERCISE 14: Choose the correct answer. 1. My car was hit ... a truck the other
day and it got badly dented.
A) with B) by
C) in D) on
E) to
2. The sand will be carried ... a truck from the port to the construction site.
A) for B) with
C) on D) from
E) into
3. Several holes were dug ... the young plants In the garden.
A) by B) with
C) in D) for
E) to
4. The holes were dug ... a spade.
A) with B) by
C) for D) in
E) from
5. The spade was skilfully used ... the old gardener.
A) with B) for
C) by D) from
E) about
6. Rice is eaten ... chopsticks in China.
A) by B) from
C) of D) with
E) in
7. Food cooked in non-stick pans should be stirred ... a wooden spoon as metal ones can cause scratches.
A) by B) from
C) on D) with
E) in
8. In the past, In England, most books were written either ... French or Latin.
A) with B) in
C) by D) for
E) to
9. The idea for the film "West Side Story" was taken ... Shakespeare's famous play "Romeo and Juliet".
A) with B) for
C) from D) by
E) on
10. The play was written ... a French naturalistic author, Emile Zola.
A) in B) as
C) from D) with
E)by
11. The injured player was carried off the field ... a stretcher.
A) for B) from
C) by D) in
E) on
12. Several people were struck ... bullets during the riots.
A) in B) by
C) for D) on
E) about
13. It appears that Mr. Smith didn't have a heart attack. Police think that he was struck over the head ... a blunt object, possibly a candle stick.
A) about B) on
C) in D) with
E) from
14. In rural areas, chickens are usually kept ... their eggs.
A) from B) in
C) inside D) for
E)by
15. There is a fierce debate in the country about whether minks should be raised ... their fur.
A) with B) by
C) for D) as
E) out of
3-11 IMPERSONAL PRONOUNS in the PASSIVE
Anyone, no one, anybody, nobody, anything ve nothing gibi belgisiz zamirlerin bulunduğu active cümleyi passive yaparken, cümlenin olumsuz anlamını bozmamaya dikkat ediniz.
Active cümledeki "nobody/nothing, etc." yerine passive cümlede "anybody/anything, etc."; "anybody/anything, etc." yerine ise "nobody/nothing, etc." kullanılır
Active: Nobody can repair this broken vase.
[Cümlede fiil olumlu, ancak "nobody" cümleye olumsuz bir anlam veriyor.) Passive:This broken vase can't be repaired by anybody.
Active: No one has considered the result like this.
Passive:The result hasn't been considered like this (by anyone). Active: You can't do anything about this case.
Passive: Nothing can be done about this case.
Active: They don't allow anyone to leave early. Passive: No one Is allowed to leave early. 162 ELS
EXERCISE 15: Change the active to the passive.
1. Nobody could have saved his life.
His life ... by ... 2. We couldn't do anything to settle the quarrel between them.
... to settle the quarrel between them. 3. Nobody has opened that chest since my grandfather died.
That chest ... by ... since my grandfather died.
4. No one could decipher the code, so they couldn't find out anything about the enemy's plan.
The code ... by ... so ... about the enemy's plan.
5. None of his colleagues could dissuade him from handing in his resignation.
He ... by ... of his colleagues. 6. You shouldn't leave anything unattended at the airport.
... at the airport. 7. We shouldn't have told him anything about the case.
He should have ... about the case. He shouldn't have... about the case. 8. You can't achieve anything without perseverance.
... without perseverance. 9. No one has lived in this house for years.
This house ...in for years. 10. They haven't done anything yet to relieve the clients' problems.
... to relieve the clients' problems.