LA TEORÍA SOCIOCULTURAL Y SUS IMPLICACIONES EN EL PROCESO DE ENSEÑANZA APRENDIZAJE

maintenance of 'secret' freedom fighter training camps in the country. As detailed in BAA personnel files, administrative memos, and minutes, Bureau employees, expatriate wards, and even some administrators faced a work regime whereby seemingly banal contestations over sick and maternity leave, pay scales, and workplace technologies were transformed into wide-ranging debates over threats to national productivity, state and institutional security, and social and ideological discipline. Groups of BAA typists, clerical assistants, bookbinders, and other wage-earning employees coped with the political and gendered pressure of becoming the 'good,' disciplined, and ideologically sound workers Nkrumah imagined, while, at the same time, through their purported malfeasances, highlighting the limitations of this ideal. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]

104 Ahorsu, Ken

A poststructuralist approach to the Dagbon chieftancy crisis in Northern Ghana / Ken Ahorsu - In: African Conflict & Peacebuilding Review: (2014), vol. 4, no. 2, p. 95-119.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; Dagomba; chieftaincy; conflict; social change.

The intractable Dagbon Chieftaincy Crisis between the Andani and Abudu families for royal supremacy reflects the dilemma confronting the relevance of chieftaincy in Ghana in the context of social change. The paper offers a poststructuralist explanation for the succession disputes, political manipulations, and perennial violence that have contemporarily characterized the crisis. It posits that the sources and dynamics of the crisis are found in the dominant norms, values, traditions, and common history of the Dagbon state. They are located in the cross-generational structural continuities that are drawn upon and reproduced by purposive actors in strategic interdependence at both the local and national levels. Bibliogr., notes, sum. [Journal abstract]

105 Akpojivi, Ufuoma

Democratising the media in the new democracies of Ghana and Nigeria : challenges and prospects / Ufuoma Akpojivi - In: Ecquid Novi: (2014), vol. 35, no. 3, p. 87-105 : fig., tab.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; Nigeria; democratization; mass media; media policy; reform.

The institutionalisation of democracy in Ghana (1992) and Nigeria (1999) after years of military regimes facilitated the need to reform old media structures that supported authoritarian regimes into institutions that would facilitate the democratic process. The media reform initiatives embarked upon by both countries liberalised the media environment to create a free and independent media that would support the transition process by offering a platform for public debate, aimed at enhancing political participation. Using policy analysis and elite interviews, this article examines the reforms in both countries, and the extent to which Western countries/ donors impacted on their policy formulation and implementation processes. The author argues that these countries'

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historical, political and socio-cultural antecedents have affected the praxes of their media reforms, and as a result their objectives have not been fully realised. Bibliogr., note, sum. [Journal abstract]

106 Bob-Milliar, George M.

Verandah boys versus reactionary lawyers : nationalist activism in Ghana, 1946-1956 / by George M. Bob-Milliar - In: International Journal of African Historical Studies: (2014), vol. 47, no. 2, p. 287-318 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; political action; political participation; elections; nationalism; political parties; 1940-1949; 1950-1959.

The paper analyses political party activism in the pre-independence period in Ghana. The objective is to present an understanding of the culture of party activism in the 1950s. The type of political activism discussed in this article was of two kinds: micro- and macro-level activism, and rural and urban activism. The emphasis in the paper is on micro-level political behaviour. The paper begins with a survey of political activities leading up to the inauguration of the UGCC (United Gold Coast Convention), and later of the CPP (Convention People's Party). The next section discusses political parties, activists, particularly at the grassroots level, and their modes of engagement as evidenced in the three general elections. Special emphasis is put on activists and their organizational strategies. By detailing the two main parties's activities, the author concludes that the CCP leadership managed to understand political organization far better than its competitors and was therefore much more successful in mobilizing grassroots support. Notes, ref. [ASC Leiden abstract]

107 Burrell, Jenna

Modernity in material form? : mobile phones in the careers of Ghanaian market women / Jenna Burrell - In: Review of African Political Economy: (2014), vol. 41, no. 142, p. 579-593.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; mobile telephone; women traders; social change.

Recent research on mobile phones in market exchange activities in the Global South has tended to dematerialise the phone, narrowing its application to accord with disciplinary concerns rather than to its full range of material possibilities. This article seeks to expand the model of the mobile phone in socio-economic development by examining its uptake and adaptation among Ghanaian market women. The analysis considers development in terms of market women's own self-defined notion of progress. Rather than leading to more impersonal and calculative trade relationships, their uses reflected deepening relations with trade partners and opportunities for enhanced affiliation at all levels. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

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108 Dagbanja, Dominic N.

Promoting a competitive local business community in Ghana : the role of the legal framework for public procurement / Dominic N. Dagbanja - In: Journal of African Law:

(2014), vol. 58, no. 2, p. 350-375.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; purchasing; consumer goods; small enterprises; competition; legislation.

Ghana's Public Procurement Act 2003 was enacted to bring about the judicious, economic and efficient use of state resources, transparency, fairness, and non-discrimination in procurement. The primary objective of the act is best value for money. This article assesses how, beyond being used to achieve its primary objective, the law should be applied to propel the capacity and competitiveness of local businesses in Ghana. It argues that effective implementation of the act can indirectly promote competition and industrial competiveness in Ghana. Therefore, procurement entities must follow the requirements for procurement, both to achieve best value for money and to build and improve upon the capacity of domestic industries. Competition, transparency and restrictions on the application of single-source procurement and restricted tendering can promote and encourage the participation of Ghanaian firms in procurement. This can enhance their capacity and competitiveness in both procurement and other economic activities in Ghana. Notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

109 Fair, Jo Ellen

Discourses of love and newspapers advice columns in Ghana / Jo Ellen Fair - In: Ghana Studies: (2012/13), vol. 15/16, p. 413-465.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; courtship; marriage; sexuality; newspapers.

The article examines the translation of globally circulating discursive packages surrounding romantic love into the Ghanaian milieu, and of Ghanaian truths into adjusted globally circulating discursive packages, as revealed in newspaper advice columns. Like all globally circulating discursive packages (human rights, democracy, television drama), romantic love carries with it words, phrases, packaged attitudes, and global networks of meaning that require fitting into local realities. Advice columns have animated Ghanaian newspapers since colonial times. However, in the 1950s, columnists addressed the few venturing into romantic love; today, they speak to the many. Interviews with columnists suggest that the Ghanaian press relies on the columns and similar 'soft content' to stay relevant and vibrant. The dilemmas of courtship, love, sex, commitment, and marriage, vex Ghanaians just as they do people everywhere. More and more, love is a maze of choices. Sex now? Marriage? How important is monogamy? Polygamy? Cohabitation before marriage? After marriage? A good provider? A partner of my choice? Should my family have a say? People

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the world over face choices like these, but in countries such as Ghana, there are strong competing discourses about family structure, sexuality, and lineage with which individuals have to come to (Ghanaian) terms with. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract] 110 Geest, Sjaak van der

Health and health care / guest eds.: Sjaak van der Geest, Kristine Krause & Kodjo A. Senah - In: Ghana Studies: (2012/13), vol. 15/16, p. 1-335.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; health care; health; social studies.

This issue of Ghana Studies contains a large special section on health and health care in Ghana. The introduction provides a rough overview of social science studies of health and illness in Ghana since the 1960s and situates the 9 main articles within a larger scholarly context. The last article briefly describes two short documentaries that show the challenges faced by women and girls in Accra, and their strategies to live healthy lives. The contributions are: Introduction : studying health and health care in Ghana (Sjaak van der Geest and Kristine Krause); The perception of abnormality in Kasena and Nankani infants: clarifying infanticide in Northern Ghana (Albert K. Awedoba and Aaron R. Denham); Caring for the seriously sick in a Ghanaian society: glimpses from the past (Deborah Atobrah); "No matter how the child is, she is hers": practical kinship in the care of mental illness in Kintampo, Ghana (Ursula M. Read); HIV disclosure in Ghana: the underlying gender dimension to trust and caregiving (Fidelia Ohemeng); Mobile technology and HIV/AIDS in Ghana (Perpetual Crentsil); Dilemmas of patient expertise: people living with HIV as peer educators in a Ghanaian hospital (Jonathan Mensah Dapaah and Eileen Moyer); Pharmaceutical potentials: praying over medicines in Pentecostal healing (Kristine Krause); Humanitarian claims and expert testimonies: contestations over health care for Ghanaian migrants in the United Kingdom (Benjamin N. Lawrance); Mission medicine in a decolonising health care system: Agogo Hospital, Ghana, 1945-1980; Accra's women on screen, 2001: a documentary pair about body, risks, tonics, and health (R. Lane Clark, Nancy Rose Hunt, and Takyiwaa Manuh). Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [ASC Leiden abstract]

111 Jallow, Baba G.

From saint to devil : the visual transformations of Kwame Nkrumah in 'Accra Evening News' cartoons / Baba G. Jallow - In: Stichproben: (2014), Jg. 13, Nr. 27, S. 79-103 : ill.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; cartoons; heads of State.

Regular cartoons reflect a degree of public anger or a spirit of activism against any number of perceived social ills. They are a form of angry laughter indulged at the expense of the perceived perpetrators of these "social ills." They are often on the side of the underdog and could be potentially subversive of authority, secular, religious or otherwise. They feed on the art of gross exaggeration and deliver their punches by a gross magnification of the

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realities they comment upon. Often, taken together over a period of time, cartoons evolve into sophisticated narratives on historical events and representations of historical personalities. Ghana's first prime minister and president Kwame Nkrumah was a constant presence on the editorial cartoon pages of the Accra Evening News. However, the Nkrumah cartoons undergo a narrative transformation from highly hagiographic depictions of the Ghanaian leader before the coup to highly critical lampoons after the coup. This paper examines this visual transformation of the Ghanaian leader from saint to devil and its implications for understanding the historical Nkrumah. Bibliogr., notes, ref. sum. [Journal abstract]

112 Joseph Mensah, Emmanuel

Infrastructure access and household welfare in rural Ghana / Emmanuel Joseph Mensah, Marilyne Huchet-Bourdon and Laure Latruffe - In: African Development Review: (2014), vol. 26, no. 3, p. 508-519 : fig., tab.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; rural households; household expenditure; economic models; public services.

Empirical evidence in the literature on the extent to which access to different infrastructure services contribute to enhancing household economic welfare remains limited. Our paper contributes to fill in the gap by assessing the influence of access to public infrastructure on welfare in rural areas of a developing country such as Ghana, taking into account the heterogeneity in household endowment. Based on pseudo panel modelling and using three waves of nation-wide household living standard surveys between 1991 and 2006, the empirical findings suggest that access to public transport, electricity and water infrastructure has important but differential impacts on household welfare. App., bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

113 Kwankye, Stephen O.

The social and reproductive health implications of independent north-south child migration in Ghana / Stephen O. Kwankye - In: Research Review: (2010), vol. 26, no. 2, p. 19-36 : fig., graf., tab.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; children; street children; migration; working conditions; social conditions.

Independent north-south migration of children has become a strategy in response to widespread poverty in Northern Ghana. Children migrate independently of their parents and other relations to southern cities, cocoa producing areas and mining towns. The majority of these migrants are females, often with little or no education. In the cities they work mainly as 'kayayei' or head porters at the main market centres and lorry parks. With some of them living virtually on the streets and in kiosks, in front of shops and in uncompleted buildings,

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the migrant 'kayayei' are exposed to physical, environmental, sexual and reproductive health risks, notwithstanding the valuable services they provide and from which they make a living. This paper examines this emerging phenomenon using a 2005 survey of 451 north-south independent child migrants in Accra and Kumasi to highlight the social and reproductive health implications of the movement of these youngsters to southern Ghanaian cities and towns. Using both quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques, the paper finds among other things that while some of the child migrants reduce their poverty by migrating to southern cities and towns, others return home with unplanned pregnancies and sometimes terminal illnesses which render their migration socio-economically unproductive. Bibliogr., sum. [Journal abstract]

114 Marfaing, Laurence

Demystifying Chinese business strength in urban Senegal and Ghana : structural change and the performativity of rumours / Laurence Marfaing and Alena Thiel - In: Canadian Journal of African Studies: (2014), vol. 48, no. 3, p. 405-423 : tab.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; Senegal; Chinese; traders; entrepreneurs; rumours.

Independent Chinese entrepreneurs pursuing economic activities as diverse as restaurants, medical services and, most importantly, general trade are increasingly flocking to Africa in search of business opportunities. This article deconstructs the anti-Chinese attitudes prevalent among Senegalese and Ghanaian business people working in the trade sector. Critically, triangulated data suggest that Chinese commodities, which are said to create unfair competition for local entrepreneurs, come to the African continent through diverse import channels, not least local businesses themselves. Thus their presence is not exclusively due to the in-country activities of Chinese migrant entrepreneurs, as is commonly alleged in the daily discourses of Senegalese and Ghanaian market traders. More fundamental processes of socioeconomic change, however, are subjecting traders in Ghana and Senegal to decreasing profit margins and increasing economic competition. Fuelled by broader general myths, understood as a way of conceptualising an abstract topic in chains of cultural referents (O'Sullivan et al. 1994), about the Chinese presence in Africa, the authors argue that rumours alleging that Chinese traders encroach on the two countries' urban marketplaces are creative means of sense-making for locals operating in a rapidly changing economic environment. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. in English and French. [Journal abstract]

115 Mensah, Sam

Agency conflict and bank interest spreads in Ghana / Sam Mensah and Joshua Yindenaba Abor - In: African Development Review: (2014), vol. 26, no. 4, p. 549-560 : tab.

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This study examines the relationship between interest rate spreads in the Ghanaian banking industry and variables that reflect convergence/divergence between managerial goals and corporate goals of which the key variables are executive compensation and bank ownership structure. Using data covering the period 1999-2011, this study employs a panel regression to examine how agency factors affect interest rate spreads in Ghana. The results of the study indicate that executive compensation is associated with higher net interest margins, suggesting that managers operate on higher margins since they can extract excess rents. The findings of the study also show that asset size, the level of concentration in the banking industry, the level of capital held by banks, the reserve requirement, and the level of inflation all positively contribute to the observed high interest spreads. The results are robust to the control of several bank-specific, industry-specific, regulatory and macroeconomic factors. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

116 Owoahene-Acheampong, Stephen

Recognition and integration of traditional medicine in Ghana : a perspective / Stephen Owoahene-Acheampong and Elisa Vasconi - In: Research Review: (2010), vol. 26, no. 2, p. 1-17.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; folk medicine; government policy; national identity.

The paper examines the processes of recognition and legitimization of traditional medicine in Ghana and indicates that in Ghana, indigenous medicine has been used as an instrument to help develop political consensus and consciousness and in the building of a national identity. The Ghanaian government recognizes traditional medicine and has a policy for the integration of indigenous medicine; the paper shows that the policy limits traditional medicine almost exclusively to herbal products and the scientific elements of it without taking into consideration its other dimensions of treating illnesses. Thus the policy leads to bureaucratization of traditional medicine. The paper calls for a policy of integration that will promote a parallel and full development of both orthodox and indigenous therapeutic traditions to enable them to continue to provide the health care needs of the people. Bibliogr., notes, ref., sum. [Journal abstract]

117 Paller, Jeffrey W.

Informal institutions and personal rule in urban Ghana / Jeffrey W. Paller - In: African Studies Review: (2014), vol. 57, no. 3, p. 123-142.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; patronage; politicians; political elite; institutions.

Contrary to expectations of modern democratic development, the establishment of liberal-democratic institutions in Ghana has not led to the demise of political clientelism. Instead, the underlying informal institutions of leadership, friendship, capitalist entrepreneurship, family, and religion, contribute to the persistence of personal rule in

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urban Ghana. Leaders amass political power by accumulating followers in daily life. The article provides empirical evidence to substantiate these theoretical claims in the form of two ethnographic case studies: a politician's primary campaign and the screening of a football match in an urban slum. It proposes an alternative model for the study of democracy and political accountability that extends beyond the formal institutional realm to include informal mechanisms that shape political clientelism in a democratic environment. Bibliogr., notes, ref., summary in English and French. [Journal abstract]

118 Schauert, Paul

Staging unity, performing subjectivities: Nkrumah, nation-building, and the Ghana Dance Ensemble / Paul Schauert - In: Ghana Studies: (2012/13), vol. 15/16, p. 373-412 : foto.

ASC Subject Headings: Ghana; dance; pan-Africanism; nationalism; identity.

This article explores how Kwame Nkrumah and subsequent Ghanaian leaders used Ghana's state dance ensemble to create and solidify a sense of unity among this nation's citizens by propagating ideologies of African Personality and Pan-Africanism. Performing a diverse repertoire of dances, the 'Ghana Dance Ensemble' has continually encouraged individuals to cross ethnic and national boundaries. As one peers behind the scenes of this ensemble, the complex intersubjective construction of such unity is revealed. That is, as the nation appears as an indivisible unit on stage, Ghanaians, nevertheless remain a collection of individuals, subjectively negotiating and interpreting the ideologies of nationalism, African Personality, and Pan-Africanism for themselves. The author argues that although the historical moment of African and Ghanaian independence has long passed, individuals still struggle to adopt nationalism, including national and transnational identities. Thus