"A massively parallel BEM numerical model for grounding analysis in layered soils"
I. Colominas, J. Gómez-Calviño, F. Navarrina, M. Casteleiro (2001)
En "II European Conference on Computational Mechanics: Solids, Structures and Coupled Problems in Engineering" (en CD-ROM), Parte VIII:
"High-Performance Computing in Mechanics"(21 páginas). Z. Waszczyszyn, J. Pamin (Editors); Institute of Computer Methods in Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Cracovia, Polonia. (ISBN: 83-85688-68-4)
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X (m) Line y=0
0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
20 40 60 80 100
Y (m)
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-20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 (m) -20.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 (m)
-20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 (m) -20.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 (m)
-20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 (m) -20.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 (m)
-20.00 0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 (m) -20.00
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00 140.00 160.00 (m)
Model A
Model D Model C
Model B
3$ x_Bt$sj j%jR Bt Y sY RZPs{ PB RB$j 8BIjR V wZt$PB8 RB$jD wbB %${sj jskRD ] w%${sj s$t$t bsjjD stI * wbB YB$9Btsj jskRD V Y R{sj BP Y hZ $ $R %k I$^{Zj B tB${ AZ $t RB$j 8BIj ] $RB}Bt$sj j$tR s }}tI${Zjs B Y bsjj $t}YsR sR -}{I
60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00(m)100.00 -10.00
-5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 (m)
60.00 65.00 70.00 75.00 80.00 85.00 90.00 95.00(m)100.00 -10.00
-5.00 0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 (m)
Model B (detail) Model C (detail)
3$ E_Bt$sj j%jR Bt Y sY RZPs{ Is$j BP 7e {Bt BP Y BZtI$t $I PB Y RB$j 8BIjR stI ]
-10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 X(m)
-10.00
0.00
Z(m)
-10.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 X(m)
-10.00
0.00
Z(m)
D
C
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-10. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100. 110. 120. 130. 140.
y (x=6.0) (m)
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
Potential
(kV)
-10. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100.
x (y=13.0) (m)
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
Potential
(kV)
D
B A
C
D
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0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. Number of Processors
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
70.0
Speed-up
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