Preprint of the paper:
"A General Numerical Model for Grounding Analysis in Layered Soils" I. Colominas, J. Gómez-Calviño, F. Navarrina, M. Casteleiro (2002)
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A
C B
A C
x y Line x = 30.0m
Line y = 79.1m
-10. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90.
y (x=30.0) (m)
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
Potential
(kV)
-10. 0. 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70.
x (y=79.1) (m)
8.0
8.5
9.0
9.5
10.0
10.5
Potential
(kV)
BG.P.R.=10 kV
G.P.R.=10 kV
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