TD/STAT.28
UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE ON TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT
Geneva
UNCTAD
HANDBOOK
OF STATISTICS
MANUEL
DE STATISTIQUES
DE LA CNUCED
Foreword, Notes and Country Distribution
Introduction, notes et répartition des pays
NOTE
Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. Mention of such a symbol
indicates a reference to a United Nations document.
General disclaimer
The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any
opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country,
territory, city or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries.
Where the designation “country or area” appears in tables, it covers countries, territories, cities and areas.
The designations “developed” and “developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a
judgement about the stage reached by a particular country or area in the development process.
*
* *
NOTE
La cote des documents de l'Organisation des Nations Unies se compose de lettres majuscules et de chiffres. La mention
d'une telle cote indique qu'il est fait référence à un document de l'Organisation.
Déni de responsabilité
Les appellations employées dans cette publication et la présentation des données qui y figurent n'impliquent, de la part du
Secrétariat de l'Organisation des Nations Unies, aucune prise de position quant au statut juridique des pays, territoires,
villes ou zones, ou de leurs autorités, ni quant au tracé de leurs frontières ou limites.
L'appellation «pays ou zone» figurant dans certaines rubriques des tableaux désigne des pays, des territoires, des villes
ou des zones.
Les termes «développés» et «en développement» sont utilisés pour plus de commodité dans la présentation des
statistiques et n'impliquent pas nécessairement un jugement quant au stade de développement auquel est parvenu un
pays ou une zone donnée.
.
UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION
Sales No. E/F.03.II.D.33
ISBN 92-1-012055-8
ISSN 0251-9461
FOREWORD
INTRODUCTION
The UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics provides a comprehensive
collection of statistical data relevant to the analysis of
international trade, investment and development for the use of
government officials, university and other research specialists,
and others interested in these subjects. The publication is
available in three complementary formats: the printed
copy, the CD-ROM and the on-line presentation:
(www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook).
As the complementary CD-ROM and Internet versions of the
Handbook present the full time series of data, this printed
publication focuses on recent statistics.
The tables, while largely based on existing international and
national data sources, provide a compilation of data that is
unique in the following ways:
♦
Wherever possible, data are presented in an analytical
way, through the use of rank orderings, growth rates,
shares and other special calculations, so as to facilitate
their interpretation. Statistical classifications have been
condensed into groupings of particular relevance to the
analysis of trade and development.
♦
Time series of basic trade data cover periods that the
UNCTAD secretariat considers to be particularly relevant to
statistical and other applicable analysis.
♦
A number of the series shown represent UNCTAD
secretariat estimates based on detailed research and
analysis.
♦
Every effort has been made to take account of all available
information in order to provide as complete coverage as
possible for individual countries. In some cases this has
involved secretariat judgements regarding data sources for
a particular country.
Particular acknowledgement is made of the cooperation
extended by the Statistics Division, Department of Economic
and Social Affairs of the United Nations, as well as by other
international organisations, in the preparation of this publication.
Le but du Manuel de statistiques de la CNUCED est de fournir,
à l’intention des administrations nationales, des universitaires et
autres spécialistes de la recherche, des organisations
internationales, et de tous ceux que la question intéresse,
l'ensemble de données statistiques essentielles à l'analyse du
commerce mondial, de l'investissement et du développement.
La publication est disponible dans trois formats
complémentaires : l'édition imprimée, le CD-ROM et la version
en ligne (www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook).
Comme les versions CD-ROM et Internet du Manuel,
complémentaires à cette publication, présentent les séries
chronologiques complètes, cette version imprimée fait
davantage apparaître les données récentes.
Les tableaux, qui font appel principalement aux sources de
données internationales et nationales existantes, forment un
catalogue unique de statistiques établies de la manière
suivante :
♦
Chaque fois que possible, les données ont été présentées
d'une manière analytique, classées par ordre de grandeur,
taux de croissance, parts et autres calculs spéciaux, afin
d'en faciliter l'interprétation. Des groupements se prêtant
particulièrement bien à l'analyse du commerce et du
développement ont été réalisés au sein des nomenclatures
statistiques.
♦
Les séries chronologiques de données de base sur le
commerce couvrent des périodes que le secrétariat de la
CNUCED considère être d’une importance particulière
pour des analyses statistiques et autres analyses du sujet.
♦
Un certain nombre de séries correspondent à des
estimations du secrétariat de la CNUCED fondées sur des
recherches et des analyses détaillées.
♦
Le secrétariat s'est efforcé de tenir compte de tous les
renseignements disponibles afin de brosser dans chaque
cas un tableau aussi complet que possible de la situation.
Ce faisant, il a parfois dû opérer un choix entre différentes
sources de données pour tel ou tel pays.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE DES MATIERES
www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook
Note
ii
Foreword
iii
Table of contents
iv
General notes viii
Distribution of countries and territories x
Distribution of developing countries/territories
by region xi
Distribution of developing countries/territories
by economic grouping
xii
Distribution of countries/territories by trade grouping xv
Abbreviations
xviii
PART ONE
International merchandise trade
1.1A Value of exports and imports by region
and country
2
1.1B Value of exports and imports by economic
grouping
12
1.1C Shares of exports and imports by
region and economic grouping
14
1.2A Annual average growth rates of exports and
imports by region and country
16
1.2B Annual average growth rates of exports and
imports by economic grouping
24
1.3 Value of trade balance, and as percentage
of
imports
26
1.4
Intra-trade of regional and trade groups
34
PART TWO
Trade and commodity price indices
2.1A Volume indices of exports
38
2.1B
Volume indices of imports
39
2.1C
Unit value indices of exports
40
2.1D
Unit value indices of imports
41
2.1E
Terms of trade indices
42
2.1F
Purchasing power indices of exports
43
2.2 Annual and quarterly indices of free market prices
of selected primary commodities
44
www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook
Note
ii
Introduction iii
Table des matières iv
Notes générales xix
Répartition des pays et territoires xxii
Répartition des pays/territoires en développement
par régions xxiii
Répartition des pays/territoires en développement
par groupements économiques xxiv
Répartition des pays/territoires par groupements
commerciaux xxvii
Abréviations xxx
PREMIERE PARTIE
Commerce international des marchandises
1.1A Valeur des exportations et des importations
par régions et par pays
2
1.1B Valeur des exportations et des importations
par groupements économiques
12
1.1C Parts des régions et groupements économiques
dans les exportations et les importations 14
1.2A Taux d'évolution annuels moyens des
exportations et des importations par régions
et par pays 16
1.2B Taux d'évolution annuels moyens des
exportations et des importations par groupements
économiques
24
1.3 Valeur de la balance commerciale et
sa part dans les importations
26
1.4
Commerce interne des groupements régionaux
et commerciaux
34
DEUXIEME PARTIE
Indices du commerce et des prix des produits de base
2.1A
Indices du volume des exportations
38
2.1B
Indices du volume des importations
39
2.1C
Indices de la valeur unitaire des exportations
40
2.1D
Indices de la valeur unitaire des importations
41
2.1E Indices des termes de l'échange
42
2.1F
Indices du pouvoir d'achat des exportations
43
PART THREE
Structure of international trade by region
3.1A
Export structure by main regions of destination
52
3.1B Import structure by main regions of origin
70
3.2.1
Export structure by destination and by major
commodity groups:
A.
World
88
B.
Developed market economy countries
90
C.
Developing countries and territories
92
D.
OPEC members
94
E.
Other developing countries and territories
96
F.
Countries in Central and Eastern Europe
98
G.
Developing America
100
H.
Developing Africa
102
I.
Developing West Asia
104
J.
Other developing Asia
106
3.2.2 Import structure by origin and by major
commodity groups:
A.
World 108
B.
Developed market economy countries
110
C.
Developing countries and territories
112
D.
OPEC members
114
E.
Other developing countries and territories
116
F.
Countries in Central and Eastern Europe
118
G.
Developing America
120
H.
Developing Africa
122
I.
Developing West Asia
124
J.
Other developing Asia
126
PART FOUR
Structure of international trade by product
4.1A Export structure by main categories
132
4.1B Import structure by main categories
144
4.2
Export structure at the SITC Revision 2, group
(3-digit) level (ranked by average 2000-2001
values):
A.
World
156
B.
Developed market economy countries
160
C.
Developing countries and territories
164
D.
Individual countries and territories
168
4.3 Major exporters for 70 leading products
among developing countries, at the SITC
Rev. 2, group (3-digit) level (ranked by
average 2000-2001 values)
188
English/French Glossary of 3-digit Standard
International Trade Classification (SITC),
Revision 2 Groups
199
TROISIEME PARTIE
Structure du commerce international par régions
3.1A Structure des exportations par principales régions
de destination
52
3.1B
Structure des importations par principales régions
d'origine
70
3.2.1 Structure des exportations par destination et par
principaux groupes de produits :
A.
Monde 88
B.
Pays développés à économie de marché
90
C.
Pays et territoires en développement 92
D.
Membres de l'OPEP 94
E.
Autres pays et territoires en développement 96
F.
Pays d'Europe centrale et orientale
98
G.
Amérique en développement
100
H.
Afrique en développement
102
I.
Asie occidentale en développement
104
J.
Autres pays d'Asie en développement
106
3.2.2
Structure des importations par origine
et par principaux groupes de produits :
A.
Monde
108
B.
Pays développés à économie de marché
110
C.
Pays et territoires en développement
112
D.
Membres de l'OPEP
114
E.
Autres pays et territoires en développement
116
F.
Pays d'Europe centrale et orientale
118
G.
Amérique en développement
120
H.
Afrique en développement
122
I.
Asie occidentale en développement
124
J.
Autres pays d'Asie en développement
126
QUATRIEME PARTIE
Structure du commerce international par produits
4.1A Structure des exportations par principales
catégories
132
4.1B
Structure des importations par principales
catégories
144
4.2
Structure des exportations au niveau des groupes
(position à trois chiffres) de la CTCI révision 2
(classées d'après la moyenne des valeurs
de 2000-2001) :
A.
Monde
156
B.
Pays développés à économie de marché
160
C.
Pays et territoires en développement
164
D.
Pays et territoires individuels
168
4.3 Principaux exportateurs de 70 produits
majeurs parmi les pays en développement,
au niveau des groupes (position à trois chiffres)
de la CTCI rév. 2 (classés d'après la
moyenne des valeurs de 2000-2001)
188
PART FIVE
International trade in services
5.1
Value of exports and imports of services by
region and country
208
5.2A Leading exporters of services among developing
countries by main category of services (ranked
by 2001 values) 216
5.2B Leading importers of services among developing
countries by main category of services (ranked
by 2001 values) 221
5.3 Selected indicators of tourism 227
PART SIX
International finance
6.1 Balance of payments: current account
summaries
248
6.2 Foreign direct investment: inward and
outward flows 266
6.3 Workers’ remittances
274
A. Receipts
B. Payments
6.4 International reserves of developing
countries and territories
278
6.5 Official financial flows from bilateral and
multilateral sources to developing countries
and territories 285
6.6
External long-term debt of developing countries
and territories by source of lending
A.
Developing countries and territories
303
B.
Major petroleum exporters
304
C.
Other developing countries and territories
305
D.
Major exporters of manufactures
306
E.
Remaining countries
307
PART SEVEN
Indicators of development
7.1
Population, area, density and total and per capita
gross domestic product
310
7.2 Annual average growth rates of total and per
capita real gross domestic product at market
prices
316
7.3 Gross domestic product by type of expenditure
and by kind of economic activity
325
7.4
Selected indicators of development: population,
health and environment 342
7.5
Selected indicators of development:
education, employment, gender equality
and migration 352
7.6
Selected telecommunication indicators:
television sets, telephones, personal
computers and Internet
360
CINQIUEME PARTIE
Commerce international des services
5.1 Valeur des exportations et des importations
des services par régions et par pays 208
5.2A Principaux exportateurs de services parmi
les pays en développement par catégories
de services (classés d'après les valeurs de
2001) 216
5.2B Principaux importateurs de services parmi
les pays en développement par catégories
de services (classés d'après les valeurs de
2001) 221
5.3 Sélection d'indicateurs du tourisme 227
SIXIEME PARTIE
Flux financiers internationaux
6.1 Balance des paiements : sommaires des
comptes des transactions courantes
248
6.2
Investissement étranger direct :
flux entrants et sortants 266
6.3 Envois de fonds des travailleurs 274
A. Recettes
B. Paiements
6.4 Réserves internationales des pays
et territoires en développement
278
6.5
Flux financiers publics bilatéraux et
multilatéraux à destination des pays
et territoires en développement
285
6.6
Dette extérieure à long terme des pays et
territoires en développement par
catégorie de prêt
A.
Pays et territoires en développement
303
B.
Principaux pays exportateurs de pétrole
304
C.
Autres pays et territoires en développement
305
D.
Principaux pays exportateurs d'articles
manufacturés
306
E. Autres pays
307
SEPTIEME PARTIE
Indicateurs du développement
7.1
Population, superficie, densité et produit
intérieur brut, total et par habitant
310
7.2 Taux d'évolution annuels moyens du
produit intérieur brut réel total et par habitant
aux prix du marché
316
7.3
Produit intérieur brut par catégorie de dépense
et par branche d'activité économique
325
7.4 Quelques indicateurs du développement :
population, santé et environnement
342
7.5 Quelques indicateurs du développement :
éducation, emploi, égalité entre hommes
et femmes et migration 352
7.6 Quelques indicateurs des télécommunications :
postes téléviseurs, téléphones, ordinateurs
PART EIGHT
Special studies
8.1
Tentative terms of trade estimates for
developing countries and territories
370
8.2A Export concentration and diversification
indices by country 389
8.2B Import concentration and diversification
indices by country 392
8.3A Export concentration and structural change
indices by product 396
8.3B Import concentration and structural change
indices by product 400
8.4 Average applied import tariff rates on
non-agricultural and non-fuel products 405
8.5 Instability indices and trends in monthly free
market prices for selected primary commodities 418
HUITIEME PARTIE
Etudes spéciales
8.1 Estimations approximatives des termes de
l'échange pour les pays et territoires en
développement 370
8.2A Indices de concentration et de diversification
des exportations par pays 389
8.2B Indices de concentration et de diversification
des importations par pays 392
8.3A Indices de concentration et de changements
structurels des exportations par produits 396
8.3B Indices de concentration et de changements
structurels des importations par produits 400
8.4 Droits de douane moyens appliqués à l'importation
des produits non-agricoles et non-pétroliers 405
8.5 Indices d'instabilité et tendances des prix sur le
GENERAL NOTES
These notes summarize the coverage of each part of the
Handbook and highlight modifications as compared with
previous issues. Starting with the 2002 version, the UNCTAD
Handbook of Statistics offers users two new parts or categories
of statistics. Figures on trade in services now form a separate
category (V). The part Special studies (VIII) includes some new
sets of data, shown in order to further enhance the analytical
value of the publication and to respond to the interests and
suggestions of users.
The tables included in this book represent analytical
summaries of the time series contained in the UNCTAD
Handbook of Statistics database, which is also available on
CD-ROM and on the Internet (www.unctad.org/statistics/handbook).
The printed version includes more concise table formats, with
the emphasis on recent information. In certain instances, the two
electronic versions might have different figures from the printed
volume, as they are published somewhat later and take into
account more recent data.
PART ONE
International merchandise trade
Table 1.1A shows the value of total exports and imports for
individual countries and for geographical groups, expressed in
millions of dollars. The national system of reporting (general
trade or special trade) and valuation is indicated. Regional totals
for developed market-economy countries have been adjusted
where necessary to approximate imports c.i.f. and exports f.o.b.
in special trade.
The same data as in table 1.1A are shown in table 1.1B for
different economic groupings.
Table 1.1C includes shares of exports and imports for
different geographical and economic groups.
Growth rates of international trade, derived from tables 1.1A
and 1.1B, are presented in tables 1.2A and 1.2B.
Table 1.3 contains trade balances (exports f.o.b. minus
imports c.i.f.) and these balances as a percentage of imports by
country, region and economic grouping.
Table 1.4 shows the relative importance of intra-trade in
total trade of different trade or regional groupings, such as EU,
ASEAN or COMESA, by comparing their respective exports of
goods within the group, the geographical region they belong to
and the world. Thirty-one different trade groups are included in
this analysis.
PART TWO
Trade and commodity price indices
The group of tables 2.1 (2.1A to 2.1F) shows volume and
unit value indices for exports and imports, and the terms of trade
and purchasing power of exports for developed and developing
countries by region and economic grouping. The indices for
individual developing countries and territories are shown
separately in table 8.1.
Table 2.2 includes aggregated price indices for primary
commodity groups such as food, tropical beverages, vegetable
oilseeds and oils, agricultural raw materials and minerals, ores
and metals, as well as a combined price index in current US
dollars. Also included are the annual and quarterly free market
price indices of selected commodities exported by developing
countries. For reference, market prices in current dollars are
shown for the base year. The table is based on data from the
UNCTAD Commodity Price Bulletin.
PART THREE
Structure of international trade by region
Tables 3.1A and 3.1B show, respectively, the export and
import structure of individual countries by main regions of origin
and destination, in percentages. Data are presented for as many
individual countries as possible, while trade partners are
grouped in 13 major clusters according to the UNCTAD
secretariat's judgement as to their relevance for the analysis of
the direction of international trade.
The group of tables 3.2.1 presents the export structure by
destination and by major commodity groups for the world and
selected regions, while tables grouped under the 3.2.2 heading
provide the same information for imports by origin. The total of
all products is presented in dollar terms, while percentages are
presented for different product groups. These sets of data
provide detailed information on the trade network for the world,
19 regions of origin, 20 regions of destination and 12 commodity
groups. The commodity groups are based on the SITC
classification. Figures in these tables are not strictly comparable
with the trade data in table 1.1, mainly owing to more frequent
revisions of the latter. Furthermore, certain adjustments made
for total exports are not reflected here, as it is not possible to
distribute them by destination. The complete data on which the
figures shown are based are contained in table 3.2 of the
CD-ROM and the Internet version of the UNCTAD Handbook of
Statistics 2003.
PART FOUR
Structure of international trade by product
Tables 4.1A and 4.1B show, respectively, the export and
import structure of individual countries and territories by
commodity groups for selected years. The eight commodity
groups shown, based on the SITC classification, are the
following: all food items, agricultural raw materials, fuels, ores
and metals, manufactured goods, chemical products, other
manufactured goods, and machinery and transport equipment.
Tables 4.2A, B and C present SITC group Revision 2
(3-digit) level exports for the world, developed countries and
developing countries and territories respectively. The share of
the commodity in the exports of the region and world is shown,
as are its annual average growth rate and its deviation from that
of the world.
Table 4.2D shows the leading exports at the SITC group
Revision 2 (3-digit) level for individual countries and territories.
Each commodity's share in the total exports of the countries, as
well as in those of the region and the world, is also presented.
Table 4.2E summarizes information on the major exporters
of 70 leading commodities among developing countries and
territories at the SITC group Revision 2 (3-digit) level.
PART FIVE
International trade in services
Table 5.1 presents the value of total trade in services by
country, region and economic grouping. The figures refer to 11
principal service categories as defined in the IMF Balance of
Payments Manual (1993, BPM 5). The aggregate figures
version of the Handbook. Given the general difficulties in
statistically capturing certain aspects of the trade in services, the
balance-of-payments figures presented here may be somewhat
downward biased as compared with the actual value of the
international trade in services.
Table 5.2A indicates 20 major exporters, among developing
countries, for each of the 10 principal service categories as
defined in the IMF Balance of Payments Manual (1993, BPM 5).
Table 5.2B presents the same information for 20 major
importers of services among developing countries. The sectors
shown are transport, travel, communication, construction,
computer and information services, insurance, financial
services, royalties and licence fees, other business services,
personal, cultural and recreational services. Government
services n.i.e. are not shown.
Table 5.3 focuses on tourism services. It presents, for
individual countries and for recent years, the following statistics:
value of tourism expenditure, number of overnight stays, number
of arrivals and the average length of stay. All figures refer to
non-resident tourists (inbound tourism).
PART SIX
International finance
Table 6.1 presents summaries of the current account of the
balance of payments for all countries and territories.
Balance-of-payments current account data cover all transactions between
residents and non-residents of a reporting economy, involving
economic values and mainly concerning goods, services,
income and current transfers. Following the table are notes that
provide explanations of the categories and terminology
employed.
Table 6.2 contains information on foreign direct investment
(FDI) inflows and outflows by country and regional grouping.
These figures correspond to the Statistical Annexes of the
UNCTAD's World Investment Report 2003.
Tables 6.3A and B present information on major receivers
and benefactors of workers’ remittances among developing
countries. They also show workers’ remittances as percentages
of international trade data. The IMF Balance of Payments
Manual (1993, BPM 5) classifies workers' remittances
separately from compensation of employees and from migrants'
capital transfers. Table 6.3 includes all three categories in the
values shown, in order to present a clearer picture of the flows
that enter or exit economies via transfers by migrant workers.
These figures are not comparable with those published in the
2002 version of the Handbook, because previously only the
workers' remittances were shown.
Table 6.4 presents data on international reserves (total
reserves minus gold) of developing countries and territories by
country, region and economic grouping. Also shown are the
months of imports that these reserves could finance at current
import levels, as is the annual change in total reserves.
Table 6.5 gives a summary of the different types of official
financial flows to developing countries and territories by country,
region and economic grouping. Flows from bilateral and
multilateral sources are taken into account, as recorded by the
Development Assistance Committee (DAC – OECD).
Table 6.6 shows data on the external indebtedness of
developing countries and territories by region and economic
grouping. It also provides a detailed breakdown of public and
publicly guaranteed debt by source of lending. External debt
data in this table are based on the Debtor Reporting System
(DRS), maintained by the World Bank.
PART SEVEN
Indicators of development
Table 7.1 provides information on population and density,
area and total and per capita current GDP (in dollars) by
country, region and economic grouping. The GDP per capita
estimates in US dollars presented in this table are derived from
data in national currency converted into dollars at the prevailing
exchange rates. Conversion of these series originally expressed
in national currency into a common currency – dollars – through
the use of official exchange rates is not always satisfactory
owing to the deviation of the official exchange rate from
purchasing power parities. It is important to take this comment
into account when using the GDP per capita figures.
Table 7.2 contains annual average growth rates of total and
per capita real GDP at market prices by country, region and
economic grouping.
Table 7.3 provides data on GDP by type of expenditure and
kind of economic activity, by country, region and economic
grouping.
Table 7.4 shows selected economic and social indicators for
individual countries. It contains information on population, in
addition to that shown in table 7.1, and health and environment
statistics. This table presents the latest available figures for each
indicator and makes it possible to compare countries on the
basis of different aspects of socio-economic development at a
given time. Among the indicators presented are urban
population, infant mortality, life expectancy, access to adequate
sanitation facilities, HIV/AIDS, emissions of carbon dioxide and
total energy consumption.
Table 7.5 focuses on other socio-economic data related to
education, labour force, gender and migration. The latest
available figure is shown for each indicator, among which are:
school enrolment, illiteracy rate, unemployment rate,
employment by sector, number of migrants and gender
perspective statistics.
Table 7.6 presents data on telecommunications, on the
development and use of new technologies, and on access to
information and media by including indicators referring to the
number of television sets, telephones, telecommunication costs,
personal computers, the Internet, investment in
telecommunications, etc.
PART EIGHT
Special studies
Table 8.1 contains tentative estimates of export and import
unit value indices for individual developing countries and
territories, as well as the terms of trade and purchasing power of
exports derived from them. The aggregates in table 2.1 have
been calculated on the basis of the figures from this table.
Table 8.2A includes the time series of export concentration
and diversification indices for individual countries and territories,
while table 8.2B presents the same indices for imports.
Tables 8.3A and B provide the concentration and structural
change indices for exports and imports by product at the SITC
group Revision 2 (3-digit) level.
Table 8.4 presents average applied import tariff rates for
major categories of non-agricultural and non-fuel products by
individual markets and by groups of exporting countries.
Table 8.5 presents instability indices and trends in free
market prices for selected primary commodities exported by
developing countries.
OTHER NOTES AND EXPLANATION OF SYMBOLS
Details and percentages in tables do not necessarily add to
totals because of rounding.
“Dollars” ($) refers to US dollars, unless otherwise stated.
A zero (0) means that the amount is nil or negligible.
The symbol underscore (_) indicates that the item is not
applicable.
Two dots (..) indicate that the data are not available or are not
separately reported.
In Europe:
Andorra
Gibraltar
Monaco
Austria
Greece
Netherlands
Belgium
Iceland
Norway
Denmark
Ireland
Portugal
Faeroe Islands
Italy
Spain
Finland
Liechtenstein
Sweden
France
Luxembourg
Switzerland
Germany
Malta
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
In America : Canada and the United States.
In Asia : Israel and Japan.
In Oceania : Australia and New Zealand.
Albania
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bulgaria
Croatia
Czech Republic
Estonia
Republic of Moldova
In addition, all developing countries have been classified, according to their per capita GDP in 1995, into three groupings: high-income,
middle-income and low-middle-income countries.
Trade groupings (e.g. ASEAN, EU, LAIA) are included in certain tables, which makes it possible to include groups that cut across regions, such as
CIS and APEC.
All groups are presented on the basis of the latest information available in May 2003.
For further reference, the groups of “Least developed countries” (LDC), “Heavily indebted poor countries” (HIPC) and “Landlocked countries” are
shown as memo items. Certain tables include the grouping "Developing countries excluding China", which refers to mainland China only. "Newly
industrialized economies in Asia" (NIE in Asia) form another group, as does "Sub-Saharan Africa" (South Africa excluded).
THREE MAIN GROUPS OF COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES
Developed market economy countries / territories:
Central and Eastern Europe:
Developing countries / territories:
Hungary
Republic of
Latvia
Ukraine
Lithuania
The group “Major exporters of manufactures” contains 12 countries/territories included on the basis of the following criteria: the share of
manufactured products was not less than 50 per cent of total exports, and exports of those products amounted to at least US$ 20 billion on
average in the period 1997-1998.
All other countries and territories in Africa, America, Asia and Oceania not specified above. For developing countries and territories, the main
regions have been further subdivided into subregions to provide additional information.
A number of economic classifications have been used in the UNCTAD Handbook of Statistics in order to reflect more accurately differences
among developing countries and territories, and thus to facilitate the analysis of socio-economic data. These classifications distinguish, in the first
instance, between the major petroleum-exporting countries and other developing countries and territories. The latter are in turn subdivided into two
categories: (a) major exporters of manufactures, and (b) remaining countries distributed by major geographical regions.
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav
DISTRIBUTION OF COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES
The country distributions presented on the following pages have been adopted for statistical convenience only and follow those used by the
Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA) of the United Nations.
The group “Major petroleum exporters” consists of all 11 OPEC member countries. In addition, nine non-OPEC countries are included on the basis
of the following criteria: the share of petroleum and petroleum products was not less than 40 per cent of total exports, and exports of those
products amounted to at least US$ 1 billion on average in the period 1997-1998.
Poland
Romania
Russian Federation
Serbia and Montenegro
Slovakia
Slovenia
However, the Republic of South Africa, in previous years listed within the group of "Developed market economies", has from this issue of the
Handbook been included in the cluster of "Developing countries" in order to align the presentation of groupings in the Handbook of Statistics with
Argentina
Ecuador
Peru
Bolivia
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Suriname
Brazil
French Guiana
Uruguay
Chile
Guyana
Venezuela
Colombia
Paraguay
Anguilla
Dominican Republic
Netherlands Antilles
Antigua and Barbuda
El Salvador
Nicaragua
Aruba
Greenland
Panama
Bahamas
Grenada
Puerto Rico
Barbados
Guadeloupe
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Belize
Guatemala
Saint Lucia
Bermuda
Haiti
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
British Virgin Islands
Honduras
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Cayman Islands
Jamaica
Trinidad and Tobago
Costa Rica
Martinique
Turks and Caicos Islands
Cuba
Mexico
United States Virgin Islands
Dominica
Montserrat
Algeria
Morocco
Western Sahara
Egypt
Sudan
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
Tunisia
Angola
Ethiopia
Niger
Benin
Gabon
Nigeria
Botswana
Gambia
Reunion
British Indian Ocean Territory
Ghana
Rwanda
Burkina Faso
Guinea
Saint Helena
Burundi
Guinea-Bissau
Sao Tome and Principe
Cameroon
Kenya
Senegal
Cape Verde
Lesotho
Seychelles
Central African Republic
Liberia
Sierra Leone
Chad
Madagascar
Somalia
Comoros
Malawi
South Africa
Congo
Mali
Swaziland
Côte d'Ivoire
Mauritania
Togo
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mauritius
Uganda
Djibouti
Mayotte
United Republic of Tanzania
Equatorial Guinea
Mozambique
Zambia
Eritrea
Namibia
Zimbabwe
Bahrain
Kuwait
Saudi Arabia
Cyprus
Lebanon
Syrian Arab Republic
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Palestinian territory
Turkey
Iraq
Oman
United Arab Emirates
Jordan
Qatar
Yemen
Armenia
Kazakhstan
Turkmenistan
Azerbaijan
Kyrgyzstan
Uzbekistan
Georgia
Tajikistan
West Asia 15
Central Asia 8
A f r i c a 58
North Africa 7
Other Africa 51
A s i a 49
DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY REGION
A m e r i c a 49
South America 14
Afghanistan
India
Nepal
Bangladesh
Indonesia
Pakistan
Bhutan
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of
Philippines
Brunei Darussalam
Korea, Republic of
Singapore
Cambodia
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Sri Lanka
China
Malaysia
Thailand
China, Hong Kong SAR
Maldives
Timor-Leste
China, Macao SAR
Mongolia
Viet Nam
China, Taiwan Province of
Myanmar
American Samoa
Micronesia, Federated States of
Samoa
Christmas Island
Midway Islands
Solomon Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Nauru
Tokelau
Cook Islands
New Caledonia
Tonga
Fiji
Niue
Tuvalu
French Polynesia
Norfolk Island
Vanuatu
Guam
Northern Mariana Islands
Wake Island
Johnston Island
Palau
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Kiribati
Papua New Guinea
Marshall Islands
Pitcairn
Major exporters of
Algeria*
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya*
manufactures 12
Angola
Nigeria*
Brazil
Bahrain
Oman
China
Brunei Darussalam
Qatar*
China, Hong Kong SAR
Congo
Saudi Arabia*
China, Taiwan Province of
Gabon
Syrian Arab Republic
India
Indonesia*
Trinidad and Tobago
Korea, Republic of
Iran, Islamic Republic of*
United Arab Emirates*
Malaysia
Iraq*
Venezuela*
Mexico
Kuwait*
Yemen
Philippines
(* OPEC member country)
Singapore
Thailand
Turkey
All other developing countries / territories not listed among Major petroleum exporters or Major exporters of manufactures.
Major petroleum exporters 20
Remaining countries / territories 152
DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY ECONOMIC GROUPING
A. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY MAJOR CATEGORY
Other Asia 26
American Samoa
China, Taiwan Province of
New Caledonia
Anguilla
Cook Islands
Oman
Antigua and Barbuda
Cyprus
Palau
Argentina
French Guiana
Puerto Rico
Aruba
French Polynesia
Qatar
Bahamas
Gabon
Reunion
Bahrain
Greenland
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Barbados
Guadeloupe
Saudi Arabia
Bermuda
Guam
Seychelles
Brazil
Korea, Republic of
Singapore
British Virgin Islands
Kuwait
Trinidad and Tobago
Brunei Darussalam
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
United Arab Emirates
Cayman Islands
Malaysia
United States Virgin Islands
Chile
Martinique
Uruguay
China, Hong Kong SAR
Montserrat
China, Macao SAR
Netherlands Antilles
Algeria
Iraq
Pitcairn
Armenia
Jamaica
Saint Helena
Belize
Johnston Island
Saint Lucia
Bolivia
Jordan
Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Botswana
Kazakhstan
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Cape Verde
Lebanon
Samoa
Christmas Island
Maldives
Solomon Islands
Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Marshall Islands
Suriname
Colombia
Mauritius
South Africa
Congo
Mexico
Swaziland
Costa Rica
Micronesia, Federated States of
Syrian Arab Republic
Cuba
Midway Islands
Thailand
Djibouti
Morocco
Timor-Leste
Dominica
Namibia
Tokelau
Dominican Republic
Nauru
Tonga
Ecuador
Niue
Tunisia
Egypt
Norfolk Island
Turkey
El Salvador
Northern Mariana Islands
Turkmenistan
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)
Palestinian territory
Tuvalu
Fiji
Panama
Vanuatu
Grenada
Papua New Guinea
Venezuela
Guatemala
Paraguay
Wake Island
Indonesia
Peru
Wallis and Futuna Islands
Iran, Islamic Republic of
Philippines
Afghanistan
Ghana
Nepal
Angola
Guinea
Nicaragua
Azerbaijan
Guinea-Bissau
Niger
Bangladesh
Guyana
Nigeria
Benin
Haiti
Pakistan
Bhutan
Honduras
Rwanda
British Indian Ocean Territory
India
Sao Tome and Principe
Burkina Faso
Kenya
Senegal
Burundi
Kiribati
Sierra Leone
Cambodia
Korea, Democratic People's
Somalia
Cameroon
Republic of
Sri Lanka
Central African Republic
Kyrgyzstan
Sudan
Chad
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Tajikistan
China
Lesotho
Togo
Comoros
Liberia
Turks and Caicos Islands
Côte d'Ivoire
Madagascar
Uganda
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Malawi
United Republic of Tanzania
Equatorial Guinea
Mali
Uzbekistan
Eritrea
Mauritania
Viet Nam
Ethiopia
Mongolia
Yemen
Gambia
Mozambique
Zambia
Georgia
Myanmar
Zimbabwe
1995 per capita GDP below US$ 800: Low-income 65
B. DISTRIBUTION OF DEVELOPING COUNTRIES / TERRITORIES BY INCOME GROUP
1995 per capita GDP above US$ 4,000: High-income 46
Afghanistan
1971Gambia
1975Rwanda
1971Angola
1994Guinea
1971Samoa
1971Bangladesh
1975Guinea-Bissau
1981Sao Tome and Principe
1982Benin
1971Haiti
1971Senegal
2001Bhutan
1971Kiribati
1986Sierra Leone
1982Burkina Faso
1971Lao People's Democratic Republic
1971Solomon Islands
1991Burundi
1971Lesotho
1971Somalia
1971Cambodia
1991Liberia
1990Sudan
1971Cape Verde
1977Madagascar
1991Togo
1982Central African Republic
1975Malawi
1971Tuvalu
1986Chad
1971Maldives
1971Uganda
1971Comoros
1977Mali
1971United Republic of Tanzania
1971Democratic Republic of the Congo
1991Mauritania
1986Vanuatu
1985Djibouti
1982Mozambique
1988Yemen
1971Equatorial Guinea
1982Myanmar
1987Zambia
1991Eritrea
1994Nepal
1971Ethiopia
1971Niger
1971Afghanistan
Kazakhstan
Paraguay
Armenia
Kyrgyzstan
Rwanda
Azerbaijan
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Swaziland
Bhutan
Lesotho
Tajikistan
Bolivia
Macedonia, the former Yugoslav
Turkmenistan
Botswana
Republic of
Uganda
Burkina Faso
Malawi
Uzbekistan
Burundi
Mali
Zambia
Central African Republic
Mongolia
Zimbabwe
Chad
Nepal
Ethiopia
Niger
Angola
Gambia
Nicaragua
Benin
Guinea
Niger
Bolivia
Guinea-Bissau
Rwanda
Burkina Faso
Guyana
Sao Tome and Principe
Burundi
Honduras
Senegal
Cameroon
Kenya
Sierra Leone
Central African Republic
Lao People’s Democratic Republic
Somalia
Chad
Liberia
Sudan
Comoros
Madagascar
Togo
Congo
Malawi
Uganda
Côte d'Ivoire
Mali
United Republic of Tanzania
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Mauritania
Viet Nam
Ethiopia
Mozambique
Yemen
Ghana
Myanmar
Zambia
C. OTHER GROUPINGS (MEMO ITEMS)
Least developed countries (LDCs) 49,
with respective year of inclusion in the groupingBaltic countries 3
EU (European Union) 15
EU 25 (European Union and
Estonia
1991
Austria
1995
countries acceding in 2004)
Latvia
1991
Belgium
1957
15 EU countries
Lithuania
1991
Denmark
1973
Cyprus
Finland
1995
Czech Republic
EFTA (European Free Trade
France
1957
Estonia
Association) 3
Germany
1957
Hungary
Iceland
1960
Greece
1981
Latvia
Norway
1960
Ireland
1973
Lithuania
Switzerland
1960
Italy
1957
Malta
Luxembourg
1957
Poland
Euro Zone (of EU) 12
Netherlands
1957
Slovakia
Austria
2002
Portugal
1986
Slovenia
Belgium
2002
Spain
1986
Finland
2002
Sweden
1995
France
2002
United Kingdom
1973
Germany
2002
Greece
2002
Ireland
2002
Italy
2002
Luxembourg
2002
Netherlands
2002
Portugal
2002
Spain
2002
Andean Community (ANCOM) 5
FTAA (Free Trade Area of
LAIA (Latin American
Bolivia
1996
the Americas) 34
Integration Association) 12
Colombia
1996
Antigua and Barbuda
1994
Argentina
1980
Ecuador
1996
Argentina
1994
Bolivia
1980
Peru
1996
Bahamas
1994
Brazil
1980
Venezuela
1996
Barbados
1994
Chile
1980
Belize
1994
Colombia
1980
CACM (Central American
Bolivia
1994
Cuba
1999
Common Market) 5
Brazil
1994
Ecuador
1980
Costa Rica
1962
Canada
1994
Mexico
1980
El Salvador
1961
Chile
1994
Paraguay
1980
Guatemala
1961
Colombia
1994
Peru
1980
Honduras
1961
Costa Rica
1994
Uruguay
1980
Nicaragua
1961
Dominica
1994
Venezuela
1980
Dominican Republic
1994
CARICOM (Caribbean
Ecuador
1994
MERCOSUR (Southern Common
Community) 15
El Salvador
1994
Market) 4
Antigua and Barbuda
1974
Grenada
1994
Argentina
1994
Bahamas
1983
Guatemala
1994
Brazil
1994
Barbados
1973
Guyana
1994
Paraguay
1994
Belize
1974
Haiti
1994
Uruguay
1994
Dominica
1974
Honduras
1994
Grenada
1974
Jamaica
1994
OECS (Organization of Eastern
Guyana
1973
Mexico
1994
Caribbean States) 9
Haiti
1997
Nicaragua
1994
Anguilla
1995
Jamaica
1973
Panama
1994
Antigua and Barbuda
1981
Montserrat
1974
Paraguay
1994
British Virgin Islands
1984
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1974
Peru
1994
Dominica
1981
Saint Lucia
1974
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1994
Grenada
1981
Saint Vincent and
Saint Lucia
1994
Montserrat
1981
the Grenadines
1974
Saint Vincent and
Saint Kitts and Nevis
1981
Suriname
1995
the Grenadines
1994
Saint Lucia
1981
Trinidad and Tobago
1973
Suriname
1994
Saint Vincent and
Trinidad and Tobago
1994
the Grenadines
1981
NAFTA (North American Free
United States of America
1994
Trade Agreement) 3
Uruguay
1994
Canada
1992
Venezuela
1994
Mexico
1992
United States of America
1992
DISTRIBUTION OF COUTRIES / TERRITORIES BY TRADE GROUPING
A m e r i c a
Group Year of accession Group Year of accession Group Year of accession
E u r o p e
CEPGL (Economic Community of
ECOWAS (Economic Community
ECCAS (Economic Community of
the Great Lakes Countries) 3
of West African States) 15
Central African States) 11
Burundi
1976
Benin
1975
Angola
1999
Democratic Republic of
Burkina Faso
1975
Burundi
1983
the Congo
1976
Cape Verde
1975
Cameroon
1983
Rwanda
1976
Côte d'Ivoire
1975
Central African Republic
1983
Gambia
1975
Chad
1983
COMESA (Common Market for
Ghana
1975
Congo
1983
Eastern and Southern Africa) 20
Guinea
1975
Democratic Republic of
Angola
1994
Guinea-Bissau
1975
the Congo
1983
Burundi
1994
Liberia
1975
Equatorial Guinea
1983
Comoros
1994
Mali
1975
Gabon
1983
Democratic Republic of
Niger
1975
Rwanda
1983
the Congo
1994
Nigeria
1975
Sao Tome and Principe
1983
Djibouti
1994
Senegal
1975
Egypt
1994
Sierra Leone
1975
MRU (Mano River Union) 3
Eritrea
1994
Togo
1975
Guinea
1973
Ethiopia
1994
Liberia
1973
Kenya
1994
SADC (Southern African
Sierra Leone
1973
Madagascar
1994
Development Community) 14
Malawi
1994
Angola
1992
CEMAC (Economic and Monetary
Mauritius
1994
Botswana
1992
Community of Central Africa) 6
Namibia
1994
Democratic Republic of
Cameroon
1994
Rwanda
1994
the Congo
1992
Central African Republic
1994
Seychelles
1994
Lesotho
1992
Chad
1994
Sudan
1994
Malawi
1992
Congo
1994
Swaziland
1994
Mauritius
1992
Equatorial Guinea
1994
Uganda
1994
Mozambique
1992
Gabon
1994
Zambia
1994
Namibia
1992
Zimbabwe
1994
Seychelles
1992
UEMOA (West African Economic
South Africa
1994
and Monetary Union) 8
UMA (Arab Maghreb Union) 5
Swaziland
1992
Benin
1994
Algeria
1989
United Republic of Tanzania
1992
Burkina Faso
1994
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1989
Zambia
1992
Côte d'Ivoire
1994
Mauritania
1989
Zimbabwe
1992
Guinea-Bissau
1994
Morocco
1989
Mali
1994
Tunisia
1989
Niger
1994
Senegal
1994
Togo
1994
ASEAN (Association of
Bangkok Agreement 6
MSG (Melanesia Spearhead
South-East Asian Nations) 10
Bangladesh
1975
Group) 4
Brunei Darussalam
1967
China
2001
Fiji
1996
Cambodia
1967
India
1975
Papua New Guinea
1988
Indonesia
1967
Lao People's Democratic
Solomon Islands
1988
Lao People’s Democratic
Republic
1975
Vanuatu
1988
Republic
1967
Republic of Korea
1975
Malaysia
1967
Sri Lanka
1975
SAARC (South Asian Association
Myanmar
1967
for Regional Cooperation) 7
Philippines
1967
ECO (Economic Cooperation
Bangladesh
1985
Singapore
1967
Organization) 10
Bhutan
1985
Thailand
1967
Afghanistan
1992
India
1985
Viet Nam
1967
Azerbaijan
1992
Maldives
1985
Iran, Islamic Republic of
1985
Nepal
1985
GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) 6
Kazakhstan
1992
Pakistan
1985
Bahrain
1981
Kyrgyzstan
1992
Sri Lanka
1985
Kuwait
1981
Pakistan
1985
Oman
1981
Tajikistan
1992
Qatar
1981
Turkey
1985
Saudi Arabia
1981
Turkmenistan
1992
United Arab Emirates
1981
Uzbekistan
1992
A f r i c a
Group Year of accession Group Year of accession Group Year of accession
