Cuestiones de Filosofía y Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales

Conforman este epígrafe los trabajos sobre cuestiones que tienen relación con la Filosofía y Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales más abarcante, esto es, el campo que atañe al conjunto de las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, de modo que puede conectar con cuestiones de Filosofía y Metodología general de la Ciencia. Dentro de este terreno se ha incluido la Teoría de la Decisión, cuando reflexiona sobre la conducta humana desde una perspectiva amplia –la vertiente antropológica–, dejando para la Filosofía y Metodología de las Ciencias de lo Artificial o, en su caso, para los artículos y capítulos de libros sobre la Economía, el estudio de la toma de decisiones dentro de estos terrenos específicos (como son las Ciencias de Diseño o la toma de decisiones en empresas).

A tenor de estos criterios, el presente epígrafe bibliográfico se desglosa en dos: por una parte, el estudio de los conceptos y modelos en Ciencias Sociales, que agrupa el conjunto de trabajos de Simon sobre Metodología de las Ciencias Sociales en los que se abordan cuestiones abarcantes (eficiencia, interacción de grupos sociales, predicción social, caracterización de las organizaciones, causalidad, explicación, …); y, por otra parte, la Teoría de la Decisión, donde el plano epistemológico –la racionalidad cognitiva– se entrelaza con el metodológico –el procedimiento de toma de decisiones–, cuestiones que son analizadas aquí en el campo de las Ciencias Sociales. En ambos casos –las Ciencias Sociales, en general, y la Teoría de la Decisión, en particular– se da una evolución en el enfoque de este autor, que con el paso del tiempo ha resaltado más los factores cualitativos.

6.2.2.1. Conceptos y modelos en Ciencias Sociales

RIDLEY, C. E. y SIMON, H. A., “The Criterion of Efficiency”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, v. 199, (1938), pp. 20-25.

SIMON, H. A. y DIVINE, W. R., “Controlling Human Factors in an Administrative Experiment”, Public Administration Review, v. 1, (1941), pp. 485-492.

SIMON, H. A., “Methodology and Research in the Social Sciences-a Bibliography”, The American Political Science Review, v. 44 through v. 50, (1950).

SIMON, H. A., “N. Rashevsky: Mathematical Biology of Social Behavior”, Econometrica, v. 19, (1951), pp. 357-358.

SIMON, H. A., “A Formal Theory of Interaction in Social Groups”, American Sociological Review, v. 17, (1952), pp. 202-211. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Man, J. Wiley, N. York, 1957, pp. 99-114, y en SIMON, H. A., Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol. 2: Behavioral Economics and Business Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 33-42.

SIMON, H. A., “Some Strategic Considerations in the Construction of Social Science Models”, en LAZARSFELD, P. (ed), Mathematical Thinking in the Social Sciences, The Free Press, Glencoe, IL, 1954, cap. 8, pp. 388-415. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol. 2: Behavioral Economics and Business Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 209-238.

SIMON, H. A., “Bandwagon and Underdog Effects and the Possibility of Election Predictions”, Public Opinion Quarterly, v. 18, (1954), pp. 245-253. Compilado en SIMON,

H. A., Models of Man, J. Wiley, N. York, 1957, pp. 79-87. También compilado en SIMON, H.

A.,Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol. 1: Economic Analysis and Public Policy, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 460-468.

SIMON, H. A. y GUETZKOW, H., “A Model of Short -and Long- run Mechanisms Involved in Pressures toward Uniformity in Groups”, Psychological Review, v. 62, (1955), pp. 56-68.

SIMON, H. A., “Comportement organisationel et comportement rationnel” (Organizational behavior and rational behavior), Connaissance de L’Homme, v. 13, n. 12, (1955), pp. 87-98.

SIMON, H. A. y NEWELL, A., “Models: Their Uses and Limitations”, en WHITE, L. D. (ed), The State of the Social Sciences, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 1956, pp. 66-83.

SIMON, H. A. ETAL., “Strengthening the Behavioral Sciences”, Science, v. 136, (1962), pp. 233-241.

SIMON, H. A., “Rationality”, en GOULD, J. y KOLB, W. L. (eds), A Dictionary of the Social Sciences, The Free Press, Glencoe, IL, 1964, pp. 573-574. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol. 2: Behavioral Economics and Business Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 405-407.

SIMON, H. A., “Understanding Creativity”, Carnegie Review, n. 2, (1964/1965), 8 pp.

SIMON, H. A., “E. B. Hunt, J. Marin y P. Stone: Experiments in Induction”, American Journal of Psychology, v. 80, (1967), pp. 651-653.

SIMON, H. A., “Administrative Behavior”, en SILLS, D. L. (ed), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, vol. 1, Macmillan and The Free Press, N. York, NY, 1968, pp. 74-79.

SIMON, H. A., “Causation”, en SILLS, D. L. (ed), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, Vol. 2, Macmillan y The Free Press, Nueva York, NY, 1968, pp. 350-356.

SIMON, H. A., “R. Stone: Mathematics in the Social Sciences, and Other Essays”, Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, v. 26, (1968), pp. 150-151.

SIMON, H. A., “Research for Choice”, en EWALD, W. R. (ed), Environment and Policy: The Next Fifty Years, Indiana University Press, Bloomington, IN, 1968, pp. 360-380.

SIMON, H. A., “R. Borger y F. Cioffi: Explanation in the Behavioral Sciences: Confrontations”, The Philosophical Quarterly, v. 22, (1972), pp. 278-280.

SIMON, H. A., “Social Change and Human Behavior: Perceiving and Thinking”, Proceedings of the 25th Anniversary of the National Mental Health Act Conference, 1973, pp. 44-46.

SIMON, H. A., “Organizational Man: Rational or Self-actualizing”, Public Administration Review, v. 33, (1973), pp. 346-353.

SIMON, H. A., “Discussion: Cognition and Social Behavior”, en CARROLL, J. S. y PAYNE, J. W. (eds), Cognition and Social Behavior, Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, 1976, cap. 16, pp. 253-267.

SIMON, H. A., “The Uses of Mathematics in the Social Sciences”, Proceedings of the First International Conference on Mathematical Modeling, v. 1, (1977), pp. 79-90.

SIMON, H. A., “The Meaning of Causal Ordering”, en MERTON, R. K., COLEMAN, J. S. y

ROSSI, P. H. (eds), Qualitative and Quantitative Social Research, The Free Press, N. York, NY, 1980, pp. 65-81.

SIMON, H. A., “The Behavioral and Social Sciences”, Science, v. 209, (1980), pp. 72-78.

SIMON, H. A., “Foreword”, en BONZEK, R. H., HOLSAPPLE, C. W. y WHINSTON, A. B., Foundations of Decision Support Systems, Academic Press, N. York, NY, 1981.

SIMON, H. A., “Are Social Problems Problems that Social Science Can Solve?”, en

KRUSKAL, W. H. (ed), The Social Sciences: Their Nature and Uses, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL, 1982, pp. 1-20.

SIMON, H. A., Comentarios al artículo “Accurate Predictions and Fixed Point Theorems” de K. E. Aubert, y réplica a la respuesta de Aubert, Social Science Information, v. 21, (1982), pp. 605-612 y 622-626.

SIMON, H. A., “Election Predictions: Reply” [to Aubert’s comments on election predictions paper], Inquiry, v. 25, (1982), pp. 361-364.

SIMON, H. A., “Mathematical Modeling of Election Predictions: Final Reply to Professor Aubert”, Inquiry, v. 26, (1983), pp. 231-235.

SIMON, H. A., Remarks in: Seminario su “Il contributo di Herbert A. Simon alle scienze sociali contemporanee”, Il Politico: Rivista Italiana di Scienze Politiche, v. 54, (1989), pp. 671-673.

SIMON, H. A., “Invariants of Human Behavior”, Annual Review of Psychology, v. 41, (1990), pp. 1-19.

SIMON, H. A., “Tra razionalita e cognizione” [Entrevista], Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, v. 31, n. 1, (1990), pp. 3-10.

KALAGNANAM, J. R., SIMON, H. A. y IWASAKI, Y., “The Mathematical Bases for Qualitative Reasoning”, IEEE Expert, v. 6, (1991), pp. 11-19.

SIMON, H. A., “What is an Explanation of Behavior?” [Abstract], APS Observer, v. 4, n. 4, (1991), pp. 19-20.

SIMON, H. A., “Linguistics a Natural Science? Comment”, Communications of the Workshop for Scientific Linguistics, v. 2, n. 8, (1992), pp. 43-44.

SIMON, H. A., “What is an ‘Explanation’ of Behavior?”, Psychological Science, v. 3, (1992), pp. 150-161.

SIMON, H. A., “Rationality in Political Behavior”, Political Psychology, v. 16, (1995), pp. 45-61.

SIMON, H. A., “On the Possibility of Accurate Public Prediction”, Journal of Socio-Economics, v. 26, n. 2, (1997), pp. 127-132.

SIMON, H. A., “Why Public Administration?”, Public Administration Review, v. 58, n. 1, (1998), p. 2.

SIMON, H. A., “Bounded Rationality in Social Science: Today and Tomorrow”, Mind and Society, v. 1, n. 1, (2000), pp. 25-39. Vers. cast. de Wenceslao J. González y María G. Bonome:“La racionalidad limitada en Ciencias Sociales: Hoy y mañana”, en GONZALEZ, W. J. (ed), Racionalidad, historicidad y predicción en Herbert A. Simon, Netbiblo, A Coruña, 2003, pp. 97-110.

SIMON, H. A., “On Simulating Simon: His Monomania, and its Sources in Bounded Rationality”, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, v. 32, n. 3, (2001), pp. 501-505.

6.2.2.2. La Teoría de la Decisión

SIMON, H. A., “J. von Neumann y O. Morgenstern: Theory of Games and Economic Behavior”, American Journal of Sociology, v. 50, (1945), pp. 558-560.

SIMON, H. A., “Rational Choice and the Structure of the Environment”, Psychological Review, v. 63, (1956), pp. 129-138. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Man, J. Wiley, N. York, 1957, pp. 261-237; en SIMON, H. A., Models of Thought, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1979, pp. 20-28; y en SIMON, H. A., Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol. 2: Behavioral Economics and Business Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 259-268.

SIMON, H. A., “R. D. Luce y H. Raiffa: Games and Decisions”, American Sociological Review, v. 23, (1958), pp. 342-343.

NEWELL, A., SHAW, J. C. y SIMON, H. A., “Elements of a Theory of Human Problem Solving”, Psychological Review, v. 65, (1958), pp. 151-166. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Thought, vol. 2, Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1989, pp. 6-19.

SIMON, H. A., “Theories of Decision-making in Economics and Behavioral Science”, American Economic Review, v. 49, (1959), pp. 253-283. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol. 2: Behavioral Economics and Business Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 287-317.

SIMON, H. A., “A Framework for Decision Making”, Proceedings of a Symposium on Decision Theory, v. 1-9, (1963), pp. 22-28.

SIMON, H. A., “Decision Making as an Economic Resource”, en SELTZER, L. H. (ed), New Horizons of Economic Progress [The Franklin Memorial lectures, Vol. XII], Wayne State University Press, Detroit, 1964, cap. 3, pp. 71-95. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Bounded Rationality. Vol. 2: Behavioral Economics and Business Organization, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1982, pp. 84-108.

SIMON, H. A., “Administrative Decision Making”, Public Administration Review, v. 25, (1965), pp. 31-37.

SIMON, H. A., “The Logic of Rational Decision”, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, v. 16, (1965), pp. 169-186. Compilado en SIMON, H. A., Models of Discovery, Reidel, Boston, 1977, pp. 137-154.

SIMON, H. A., “Political Research: The Decision-making Framework”, en EASTON, D. (ed), Varieties of Political Theory, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1966, pp. 15-24.

SIMON, H. A. ETAL., “Report of the Research Briefing Panel on Decision Making and Problem Solving”, Research Briefings prepared by the Committee on Science, Engineering, and Public Policy, National Academy Press,Washington, DC, 1986, pp. 19-35.

SIMON, H. A., “Problem Formulation and Alternative Generation in the Decision Making Process”, en CHIKAN, A. ETAL. (eds), Progress in Decision, Utility and Risk Theory, Kluwer, Boston, MA, 1991, pp. 77-84.

SIMON, H. A., “Decision Making: Rational, Nonrational, and Irrational”, Educational Administration Quarterly, v. 29, (1993), pp. 392-411.

FERNANDEZ, R. y SIMON, H. A., “A Study of How Individuals Solve Complex and Ill-structured Problems”, Policy Sciences, v. 32, n. 3, (1999), pp. 225-245.

6.2.3. Cuestiones epistemológicas y metodológicas sobre las Ciencias de lo Artificial