Overview
The baseline data provided in the following sections mainly represent data collated from the District Census Report of Swabi and Haripur, 1998. Any other data for the Project area has been collected during field survey work.
The villages for which social survey work was undertaken are shown below in Figure 6.8 whilst the social infrastructure of the Project Area is depicted in Figure 6.9.
Figure 6.8: Social Survey Villages
Figure 6.9: Social Infrastructure of the Project Area
Health Facilities
The health facilities available within the jurisdiction of the Districts Swabi and Haripur are shown in Table 6.17 below.
Table 6.17: Health Facilities in the Swabi and Haripur Districts
Health Facility District
Swabi Haripur
Hospitals 3 3
Basic Health Unit 41 39
Dispensaries 8 12
Rural Health Centers 2 5
Mother and Child Health Centers 3 2
Source: District Census Report of Swabi and Haripur, 1998
The above table shows that health facilities available in both Districts are more or less similar with minor variation depending on the distance to the source of service. Swabi district has a greater number of basic health centers whilst Haripur district has a greater number of dispensaries and rural health centers. It is evident from the above information that hospitalization, rural health centers and mother/child centers are rare in both the Districts.
The health facilities for the Project area are provided below in Table 6.18.
Due to the poor living conditions of the population, particularly in Project areas where there are unhygienic living conditions and lack of potable water, there are many diseases, the most common diseases prevalent in the area are malaria, diarrhea, hepatitis and skin diseases.
Table 6.18: Availability of Health Facilities in the Project Area
Village Facility Status
Right Bank
Burj (Khabbal) Nil Nil
WAPDA Right Bank Colony Hospital Lack of x-Ray and Laboratory
facilities. Lack of medical staff.
Mohallah Zakoo, Topi Civil Hospital Lack of x-Ray and Laboratory facilities. Lack of medical staff and Medicines.
Pehur Hamlet ,Topi Dispensary Lack of medical staff and
Medicines.
Pontian Nil Nil
Left Bank
Darra Mohat Nil Nil
Kukar Chawa Nil Nil
Ghari Meera Nil Nil
Sobra City Hospital Adequate facilities are
Village Facility Status available in the hospital
Ghazi Hamlet Dispensary Lack of medical staff and
Medicines.
Qazipur Dispensary Lack of medical staff and
Medicines.
Source: ESA survey 2011.
Education Facilities
The Swabi district is blessed with a higher standard institution named the Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering, Science and Technology (GIKIEST) situated at Topi.
Apart from this institute, there is also a Polytechnique Institute and a Commerce College in the district. In the Haripur district there is a Post Graduate College, a Poly Technique Institute and a Commerce College. All of these facilities are mainly for males, the details of those attending these educational facilities who are inhabitants of the districts are provided in Table 6.19. This data has been taken from the 1998 census data and not all data was available for both districts, there are therefore some gaps in the table.
Table 6.19: Educational Facilities in the Swabi and Haripur Districts
Institute Swabi District Haripur District
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Degree College 2 1 3 1 1 2
Inter College 1 - 1 1 - 2
Elementary College 1 - 1 1 - 1
Higher Secondary School
- - - 4 3 7
High School 65 21 86 63 15 78
Middle School 51 25 76 56 27 83
Primary School 496 388 864 656 251 907
Elementary Primary School
20 - 20 - - -
Mosque School 76 - - - -
Community and Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Model School
- 14 - - -
Source: Dis1rict Census Report of Swabi and Haripur, 1998.
Like health facilities, education facilities in the Project area are not considered satisfactory. The overall picture of educational facilities in Project area is provided in Table 6.20 and it can be concluded that better education facilities are available at the
Right Bank Colony. There are high schools for girls and boys with qualified staff and a proper building. Science and computer laboratories are also available in the schools.
Although a high school for boys and girls exists at both the hamlets and in the Topi area, there is a shortage of proper staff, furniture, science and computer laboratories.
Buildings are old and are insufficient for the existing number of students.
A degree level education facility is available in both the Ghazi and Topi areas.
Table 6.20: Education Facilities available in the Project Area
Village Facility Gender Remarks
Right Bank
Burj (Khabbal) Primary school Boys Lack of Teachers staff.
Teachers often remained absent
Pehur Hamlet ,Topi High school High school
Boys Girls
Lack of Science Teachers staff, building, furniture and computers
Pontian Primary school Boys Lack of computer facilities
Darra Mohat Primary school Boys and Girls Upgrade of school to Middle Left Bank
Kukar Chawa Nil
Ghari Meera Primary school Boys and Girls Upgrade of school to Middle Ghazi Hamlet High school Boys and Girls Lack of Science Teachers staff, Furniture and computers
Qazipur Primary school
High school
Boys and Girls Lack of computer facilities
Source: ESA survey 2011.
Literacy
A person who can read and write statements with an understanding, in any language prevalent in Pakistan, is considered as literate. The literacy ratio is measured as the number of literate people compared to the population of the age of 10 years and above.
According to the population Census of1998, in the Swabi district 36% of the population are literate whereas in the Haripur district a much higher percentage of the population is literate at 53.7%. The literacy rate in the Project area is therefore lower than the national level of 57%.
Housing
It is evident from the 1998 Census that in the Swabi district around two thirds (65.4%) of the households use wood as the construction material in the roofs of their buildings, while 22.6% use reinforced cement, concrete or bricks. Approximately 10% of all houses use
cement or iron sheets in the roofs. The remaining 12% of households use other materials.
Separate kitchens, bathrooms and latrines are available in 58.3% of all housing units.
In the Haripur district the situation was different, Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) / Reinforced Brick Concrete (RBC) was the main (45.3 %) roofing material of the households. Wood and bamboo were utilized in 39.4% with cement and bricks used in 11.7% and the remaining 3.7% using other materials. Separate kitchens, bathrooms and latrines are available for households with 48.4%, 46.1% and 41.0% respectively in the Haripur district.
There is a mixture of Pacca (permanent structure with concrete roofing), Semi Pacca (brick walls but corrugated galvanized iron roofing) and Kacha (grass-thatched/mud covered) houses in the Project area apart from the Right Bank Colony where all the houses were Pacca. In total there were 80% of Pacca houses in Project area with the remaining 20% falling into the Kacha and Semi Pacca category. It was observed that all the people were living in self owned houses except on the Right Bank Colony, which is property of WAPDA.
Sources of Drinking Water
The following data has been collated from the District Census Reports of Swabi and Haripur, 1998.
Residents of the districts of Swabi and Haripur have access to two types of drinking water, within the house and outwith house. On an overall basis, 79.4% of households had access to a drinking water facility within the house with the remaining 20.6% having to fetch water from outwith the house.
The proportion of households fetching water was higher in rural areas as compared to urban localities (22.2% versus 13.0 %). It is important to note that 61.3% of households rely on wells for drinking water and this percentage was higher (70.7%) in urban settlements when compared to rural areas (59.3%). A higher proportion of resident (55.2%) of the Haripur district had access to water within their houses as compared to outwith the house (44.8%). However, the trend is similar to that of the Swabi district.
A significantly higher proportion of households in the Haripur district have access to tap water is in both urban and rural localities (91.3% and 44.1% respectively) when compared to the households of the Swabi district. Only 15.3% of households in the Swabi district had access to piped water which is considered relatively safe quality. A nominal proportion of urban households and all households in rural areas were getting drinking water from village ponds in both districts which is the most dangerous quality of water. More detail on the above information is provided below in Table 6.21.
Table 6.21: Source of Drinking Water by Locality (%)
Source
Swabi Haripur
Rural Urban All Rural Urban All
Inside 77.8 87.0 79.4 50.4 92.2 55.2
Pipe (Nul) 11.0 10.5 10.9 44.1 91.3 49.6
Hand Pump 18.1 13.1 17,2 0.3 0.4 0.3
Well 48,7 63.4 51.3 6.0 0.5 5.3
Outwith 22.2 13.0 20.6 49.6 7.8 44.8
Source
Swabi Haripur
Rural Urban All Rural Urban All
Pipe (Nul) 4.9 2.,1 4.4 16.9 5.3 15.6
Hand Pump 1.3 0.8 1.3 0.6 0,4 0.6
Well 10.6 7.3 10.0 14.4 0.9 12.8
Pond 0.8 - 0.6 2.1 - 1.8
Others 4.6 2.8 4.3 15.6 1.2 14.0
Source: District Census Reports of Swabi and Haripur, 1998.
A tapped water supply is considered to be the most hygienic source of drinking water, which is available only in the WAPDA colonies and to a limited number of people in Project area. A water supply system is partially available in the hamlets but was dysfunctional at the time of ESA survey. At the Right Bank Topi area, the drinking water is polluted due to severe seepage problems and most of the people in the Project area use untreated water. The ground water is contaminated by sewage, especially in the Topi area.
In the WAPDA Colonies drinking water is sourced by ground water pumped through deep tubewells. As described earlier, the drinking water quality sampling and analysis by SGS Pakistan (Pvt.) Limited at the WAPDA showed a Total Bacterial Colony Count that exceeded permissible limits.
Sanitation
The sanitation conditions of the Haripur district are relatively better than those in the Swabi district, especially in the rural areas. Urban settlements have drainage facilities and in the WAPDA Colonies there is an improperly functioning sanitation system which limited its proper and environmentally safe use. In the hamlets and the Topi area, an open drainage system is available but there are no arrangement for the disposal of domestic solid waste and sewage. People drain out used water in open places, similarly the open dumping of solid waste is normal practice in the Project area.
Electricity
According to the District Census Reports of Swabi and Haripur, 1998, the majority of houses (83.4%) are equipped with the electricity as the source of lighting, both in urban and rural areas. The Project area is connected with a nearby national grid system however, shortage of electricity and load shedding is normal practice in the area as with other parts of the country.
Tele Communication
The District Census Reports of Swabi and Haripur, 1998 disclose that there are 22 telephone exchanges functioning in the Swabi district as well as one Head Post Office, 27 Sub Post Offices and 65 Branch Post Offices. In the Haripur district there are 18 telephone exchanges in operation while and one Head Post Office, 26 Sub Post Offices and 74 Branch Post Offices functioning in the district. The comparative analysis of the situation reveals that telecommunication facilities in both districts have a nominal variation.
The telecommunication services are available in and around the Project area. The services of all the mobile providers are available in the Project area. Pakistan Telecommunication Company Ltd. is also providing land lines and wireless telephone services in the area.
Road Network
There is a chain of national, district and rural roads available in the Swabi district. Farms are linked to markets by a roads network. Completion of the M1 project (Motorway between Peshawar and Islamabad) has also improved links from and to the district with other cities. According to the Census of 1998 the total length of roads in the district was 335 km whereas the Haripur district is linked with the famous Shahr-e-Resham (Karakoram Highway) through Hazro road. Haripur is also linked with Taxila (Punjab) via Khanpur. A road from Haripur city leads to Ghazi and there is also a network of farms to market roads. The total length of the roads in the Haripur district is 260 km.
The Tarbela Dam is approximately 110 km away from Islamabad. The Project area is linked by road directly with Islamabad and Peshawar via Motorway and Grand Trunk (GT) Roads. One can use Burhan and Swabi interchanges on the Motorway to reach Tarbela. A link road from the Grand Trunk (GT) Road leads to Tarbela. These routes can be used for the transportation of construction material. The village of Darra Mohat, located 1 km upstream of the dam site as shown in the various maps and figures contained in this report, is divided into two parts in the months of July to October every year due to rise of water in the reservoir which submerges the connecting road and people cross the river by boat.
6.4.6 Grazing
The Project site is restricted and fenced to prevent grazing animals from penetrating the area. However the families living in the Right Bank Colony use the Right Bank Colony barracks as animal sheds. As these barracks are one of the options being considered for the new labor camps, so these animals may be disturbed. People living in other villages within the Project area of influence also have domestic animals but these villages are further away from the Project site. Similarly, on the Left Bank a limited number of animals are reared that graze on the open areas within the colonies. Overall there is limited grazing pressure on the wild flora growing in the Project area therefore no disturbance is expected to the grazing activity of these animals.