GRAMMAR IRREGULAR VERBS

A. 1. Principal Parts: to begin ('biguín') to ride ('ráid') to have ('jav') to sow ('sóu') —empezar.

—montar o ir (en un animal o vehículo). —tener, haber.

—sembrar.

Present Past Pres. Part. (-ando, -iendo) Past Part. (-ado, -ido) begin have ride sow began (bigán) had (jad) rode (róud) sowed (sóud) beginning having riding sowing begun (bigón) had (had) ridden (ríden) sown (sóun)

Repita en ALTA VOZ Hasta Aprender de MEMORIA:

to have company to have something left

to have + JUST PAST PARTICIPLE I have just seen Peter

. . . HAD better + inf. SIN 'to' You had better stay here I had better go now

to have one's hands full, fam. to have one's eye on . . .

—tener visita.

—quedarle o sobrarle algo a uno. —acabar de + infinitivo.

—Acabo de ver a Pedro.

—Mejor sería que. . . , o Convendría que —Mejor sería que Ud. se quedara aquí. —Es preferible que me vaya ahora, —Estar ocupadísimo.

—vigilar a. Observe:

a. to have a person DO something I am going to have HIM come here b. to have something DONE

I had the child TAKEN to a hospital

—ocasionar o hacer que alguien haga algo. —Voy a hacer que él venga aquí.

—ocasionar o hacer que se haga algo. —Hice que se llevara al niño al hospital.

En el primer caso, mencionándose agente para el segundo verbo, después de la forma de 'have' se denomina dicho agente con un nombre o pronombre COMPLEMETARIO y luego sigue la forma infinitiva sin 'to' del segundo verbo.

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en el segundo caso después de la forma de 'have' se denomina el complemento del segundo verbo y luego el PAST PARTICIPLE de ese segundo verbo.

a. to have + persona + forma inf. SIN 'to'

b. to have + complemento del segundo verbo Past Participle

—Hacer que ALGUIEN haga algo. —Hacer que ALGO sea hecho.

3. Repita en ALTA VOZ Usando Todas las Personas:

1. I shall have company to-night, You . . . etc. 2. I only have five dollars left, You . . . etc. 3. I had ten dollars left before buying the hat and shoes, You . . . etc. 4. I have not had any time to see the lawyer, You . . . etc. 5. I told John that I had had many friends before coming to this city, You . . . etc. 6. I have just given it to him, You . . . etc. 7. I had just returned it to her when I called them up, You . . . 8. I had better send it to her, You . . . etc. 9. I advised Peter to have an eye on those men, You . . . etc. 10. I shall have my hands full next week, You . . . etc. 11. I am going to have Alfred buy a dictionary for me, You . . . etc. 12 I shall have my brother stay away from such company, You . . . etc. 13. I want to have those flowers sent to my mother, You . . . etc. 14. I was going to have my teeth cleaned, but the dentist was not there, You . . . etc. 15. I am going to have a tooth extracted, You . . . etc. 16. I shall have three suits made be fore going away, You . . . etc. 17. I began to study English four months ago, You . . . etc. 18. I have not begun that work yet, therefore I shall not be able to give it to him next week, You . . . etc. 19. Yesterday I rode on horseback through the park, Yesterday you . . . etc. 20. I do not have to ride on the subway to my office every day, You . . . etc.

Nota:—Fijémonos que para las oraciones Numeros. 14, 15, y 16 diríamos respectivamente en español: Yo iba a limpiarme los dientes . . . etc., Voy a sacarme un diente. etc., Me haré tres trajes . . . etc. como si uno mismo fuera a hacer esas acciones, más en inglés se usa el modismo 'to have something done' preferiblemente. Digo, Voy a pintar mi casa [de] verde', a pesar de que no soy pintor y no he de hacer yo ese trabajo, por esto en inglés se prefiere, 'I am going to have my house painted green'.

4. Lea y Conteste en ALTA VOZ, Afirmativo y Negativo:

1. Does he have to begin to work about seven in the morning? 2. Di d she begin to study English before coming to this country? 3. Have Peter and you begun that work? 4. Did he tell you that he was going to have company next Sunday? 5. Did she have any money left after buying her clothes for the trip? 6. Has he just given them to you? 7. Did he tell you, when you called her up, that she had just seen your cousin? 8. Do you think that I had better go now? (affirmativo). 9. Did he advise you to have an eye on those men? 10. Did she say that she was going to have her hands full this coming week? 11. Are you going to have him come back some day next week? 12. Will they have us wait here until they return? 13. Shall you have him get the tickets before next Satur day? 14. Is he going to have these books sent to Mr. Taylor? 15. Shall you have this furniture carried to the other room? 16. Is your father going to have you give up that business? 17. Does she wish to have her house painted green? 18. Are you going to have that tooth extracted? 19. Does she like to ride on horseback every morning? 20. Did you ride on the street-car as far as Ninth Avenue?

B. NEGATIVES — Negativos

En inglés NO deben usarse dos negativos para expresar una negación,

Para expresar la idea de 'ninguno' como complemento, observe que usándose 'not', después se usa 'any ' y se emplea verbo afirmativo y luego 'no' antes del nombre.

I do NOT have ANY friends here. I have NO friends here I do NOT have ANY, o I have NONE

—No tengo (ningunos) amigos aquí.

—No tengo ningunos ('none') es pronombre

Note: 'Any' por si solo traduce o significa o algunos', 'cualquiera o cualesquiera', usado en preguntas o en clausulas de idea indefinida: Have you any friends here? Take any book you wish, pero algún o algu nos' para una idea positiva es 'some'

2. Para expresar la idea de 'nada' como complemento, observe: I do NOT have ANYTHING to do with that, o I have NOTHING to do with that

I did NOT say ANYTHING to him, o I said NOTHING to him

—No tengo nada que ver con eso. —No le dije nada a él.

Nota: 'Anything' -algo, en preguntas o idea indefinida pero en lo positivo 'algo' es 'something'. Para expresar la idea de nadie' como complemento, observe:

She did NOT ask about ANYBODY (o ANY ONE), She asked about NOBODY (o NO ONE)

—Ella no pregunta por nadie.

Nota: 'Anybody y any one' equivalentes de 'cualquiera', como pronombre, también traducen frecuentemente 'alguien' en preguntas y clausulas de idea indefinida: Did she ask about anybody? If anyone calls tell him I am not here; pero para idea positiva 'alguien' es 'somebody' o 'someone'.

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