D ESCRIPCIÓN FORMAL DEL MODELO DE INCONSISTENCIA (MI)

Breastwork. Stanchions and rails at fore end of poop and after end of forecastle in old ships;

and, athwart upper deck of ships with no poop—to indicate forward limit of quarter deck.

Breech. Outside angle of a knee timber. 2. The rear end of a gun.

Breeches Buoy. Life-buoy fitted with canvas breeches on inner circumference and used,

with rocket apparatus, for hauling ashore people in a vessel wrecked near the shore.

Breechings. Back ropes or backstays. 2. Ropes by which guns were hauled out before firing

and which limited their recoil on firing.

Breeze. Wind of moderate strength. Usually convectional.

Brereton's Log Scale. For timber measurement. Gives actual or solid contents of a log in

'board feet'. Is based on mean diameter of log. Invented by Bernard Brereton of Seattle, Washington.

Brewerton's Course Recorder. See 'Course Recorder'. Brickfielder. Hot N'ly wind in Australia during summer.

Bridge. Superstructure, on upper deck, having a clear view forward and on either side, and

from which a ship is conned and navigated. 2. In boiler furnace, is an arch of firebricks built at combustion chamber end of furnace.

Bridle. In general, any fairly short length of rope secured at both ends. In particular, length

of rope used as 'bowline bridle'.

Bridle Cable. Length of cable led from ship to middle of another length of cable that is

anchored at each end.

Bridle Part. That part of cable that extends from hawse pipe to anchor when anchor is

stowed outboard.

Bridle Port.* Port, in bow, in which a bow chaser gun was mounted but which was used,

also, for a bow fast or mooring bridle.

Brig. Vessel with two masts and square rigged on both of them.

Brigantine. Originally, a ship of brigands, or pirates. Up to end of 19th century was a two-

masted vessel square rigged on foremast and main topmast, but with fore and aft mainsail. Latterly, a two-masted vessel with foremast square rigged, and mainmast fore and aft rigged.

Brig Mast.* Mast fitted with a topgallant mast.

Briming. Fisherman's name for phosphorescence of sea.

Brine. Non-freezing liquid made by dissolving calcium chloride in water—40 oz. per gallon

—for refrigerating purposes.

Bring To. Stop way of ship. Bring ship's head to wind. Bring ship to an anchor. Bring Up. To bring ship's head to the wind. To come to anchor.

Bristol Fashion. Good and seamanlike appearance. Precisely correct.

British Corporation. Former classification society that was founded to classify ships built

on lines that Lloyd's would not accept. Is an 'Assigning Authority' for granting load line certificates.

British Ship 57 Brown Curtis Turbine

British Ship. Vessel owned by a British subject, or by a corporation established in, and

subject to, some part of the Empire; and whose owner or owners have their principal place of business in the British Empire.

British Summer Time. Greenwich Mean Time plus one hour.

British Thermal Unit. Amount of heat necessary to raise temperature of one pound of fresh

water from 62°F to 63°F. Equals 252 calories.

Broach. To turn a ship to windward.* 2. To pilfer or steal cargo. 3. To make a hole in a cask

or barrel, generally with unlawful intent.

Broach To. Said of a ship under sail when she turns toward wind while running free,

possibly putting all sails aback.

Broad Fourteens. Sea area off N.E. coast of Holland, having an almost uniform depth of

about fourteen fathoms.

Broad on the Bow. Bearing of an object when 45° or more from right ahead, but before the

beam.

Broad Pennant. Swallow tailed, tapering burgee, white with a red St. George's cross, flown

by a British warship carrying a Commodore or the senior officer of a squadron when not of flag rank. May have a red ball in inner upper canton.

Broadside. Side of a ship as distinguished from bows and stern. 2. Salvo from all guns on

one side of a warship.

Broken Backed. Said of a vessel excessively hogged.

Broken Stowage. Space, amongst the cargo in a hold, that it is impossible to fill on account

of it being too small to take a unit of the cargo loaded.

Broker. An intermediary between two principals. Insurance broker arranges insurance

between a shipowner and underwriter. Ship-broker acts between shipowner and shipper or charterer.

Brokerage. Fee charged by a broker for his services.

Broom at Masthead. Traditional sign that a vessel is for sale. Rarely seen nowadays.

Brought by the Lee. Said of a vessel when running under sail and wind comes on the other

quarter.

Brought To. Said of a rope or cable when it is brought to a capstan, windlass or a winch,

and turns are taken for heaving.

Brought Up. Said of a ship when she rides to her anchor after dropping it. Also said when a

vessel is under sail and the wind suddenly comes ahead and stops her way.

Brought up all standing. Said of a vessel under way when her sails are put aback by a

sudden shifting of the wind. Used colloquially to mean 'astounded' or 'flabbergasted'.

Brow. Substantial gangway used to connect ship with shore when in a dock or alongside a

wharf.

Brown Boveri Turbine. Low-pressure exhaust turbine geared to propeller shaft of

reciprocating engine. Reverses when going astern, and is then fed with live steam.

Brown Gyro Compass 58 Bulgeway

Brown Gyro Compass. British made gyro compass with several novel features. See

'Gyro Compass'. B.S.T. British Summer Time.

B.T.H. Curtis Turbine. Steam turbine (British Thomson-Houston) in which kinetic energy

in first wheel is abstracted in two or more stages, and part of turbine is compounded for velocity and pressure.

Bubble Sextant. Sextant fitted with an attachment carrying a very sensitive bubble that

indicates the horizontal. By use of this instrument sights can be taken when horizon is indistinct or invisible.

Buccaneer. Literally means 'a smoker of meat or fish'. Name was given to privateers who

traded with the New World, in defiance of Spain, between about 1524 and 1700.

Bucklers. Shaped blocks of wood inserted in hawse holes to prevent the entry of sea. Bucko. A bullying and tyrannical officer.

Budgee Jack. Flag worn at spritsail topmast by British privateers of 17th and early 18th

centuries. Consisted of Union flag with red border on outer and lower sides.

Budget. Flat vertical plate under after swim of Thames dumb barges: practically a fixed

rudder.

Buffer. Spring unit inserted in rudder chains to absorb sudden shocks. 2. R.N. nickname

for a Chief Boatswain's Mate.

Bugalet.* Small coasting craft of Brittany. Had a very short foremast with two jibs and a

taller mainmast with two square sails.

Buggalow. East Indian coasting vessel having one mast and lateen sail. Has navigated

from Gulf of Cutch since time of Alexander the Great.

Builders' Measurement. Tonnage rating resulting from:

Length – 0.6 Breadth x (Breadth x ½ Breadth) 94

Was legal measurement for merchant ships from 1773 to 1835; and for yachts until 1873.

Building Slip. Sloping erection, in shipbuilder's yard, on which ships are built.

Built Block. Wood pulley block with shell made of more than one piece of wood. Also

called 'Made block'.

Built Mast. Mast made from more than one tree or timber.

Bulb and Plate Keel. Vertical plate with additional weight distributed along lower edge.

Gives additional stability to broad, shallow draught sailing craft.

Bulb Angle. Angle bar having one edge bulbed.

Bulb Lead Keel. Forerunner of 'Bulb and Plate' keel. Introduced by Bentall in 1880. Bulge. Former name for 'Bilge'. Now alternative name for 'Blister'. The latter is a

cellular compartment built on outside of bilge. Introduced during 1914-18- war to take impact of torpedo, and so preserve hull plating.