LA ERA DE LA GLOBALIZACIÓN
Gráfica 2. Distribución de los estudiantes extranjeros por país de destino 2012.
A) El sistema de puntos
5. Circulación de Cerebros
1.4. La Educación Superior: ¿limitante u oportunidad?
Diabetes
• Fasting plasma glucose
• 2–h plasma glucose* ≥7.0mmol/l (126mg/dl) or ≥11.1mmol/l (200mg/dl) Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)
• Fasting plasma glucose
• 2–h plasma glucose* <7.0mmol/l (126mg/dl) and <11.1mmol/l ≥7.8 and (140mg/dl and 200mg/dl)
Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG)
• Fasting plasma glucose
• 2–h plasma glucose* 6.1 to 6.9mmol/l (110mg/dl to 125mg/dl) and (if measured) <7.8mmol/l (140mg/dl) * Venous plasma glucose 2–h after ingestion of 75g oral glucose load
* If 2–h plasma glucose is not measured, status is uncertain as diabetes or IGT cannot be excluded
Adapted from: World Health Organisation (WHO). (2006). Definition and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and intermediate hyperglycemia. Geneva: World Health Organisation
Appendix 2 Pilot provider questionnaire
NORTHLAND DIABETES AND CARDIOVASCULAR RISK
SCREENING PILOT
(2004-2007)
The following questionnaire should take you no longer than 10 minutes, but if you wish to take your time that is also fine. Please answer all questions. If the question is not relevant to your role in the pilot please tick the box “n/a”. If you have any problems with the questionnaire, please feel welcome to contact Bronwyn White on (03) 546 1265 or email:
Diabetes and Cardiovascular risk Screening Pilot in General Practice
Your professional role is?
General practitioner
Practice nurse
Reception staff
Practice managerThe following questions relate to before the pilot began in 2004. Q1. Prior to beginning the pilot, did you have a system for routinely recalling
patients to screen for diabetes?
Yes
No
N/aQ2. Prior to the beginning of the pilot, did you routinely calculate and record
Cardiovascular (CVD) risk?
Yes
No
SometimesThe next set of questions relate to identifying patients and inviting them onto the screening pilot
Q3. When identifying patients to include in the screening pilot, how easy was
it to identify those with a greater than 5% risk of developing Diabetes?
Easy
Not very easy
Not at all easy
N/aQ4. When identifying patients to exclude in the screening pilot, how easy was
it to identify those patients by a recent negative screen?
Easy
Not very easy
Not at all easy
N/aQuestions 5-9 refer to the first invitation to screening pilot patients identified from your practice register.
Q5. Which method did you use most of the time for the first invitation to
patients onto the pilot?
Letter
Telephone
Other
N/aQ6. Did you stagger the first invitations?
Yes
NoQ7. If YES, please describe how you staggered the invitations.
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Q8. Over which approximate timeframe were all the first invitations issued?
< 6 months
< 12 months
<18 months
>18 months
don’t knowThe next section relates to patients once they were on the screening pathway Q9. At ANY time in the pilot, did you have difficulty calculating CVD risk?
Yes
No
N/aQ10. If YES, was this because of; [Tick as many boxes as you need to answer]
Server was down
Difficulties using Predict Version 1
Difficulties using Predict Version 2
Waiting for FPG result
No recent fasting lipids
Need to recall patient for further informationQ11. How likely was it that someone with known cardiovascular disease was
CVD risk assessed for this pilot?
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
N/aQ12. Do you agree with requesting a GTT for a patient with a FPG between
5.5 and <7 mmol/L?
Yes
No
Other, please comment___________________________________________
N/aThe next questions are about those who did not respond to the first invitation and are referred to from this point on as “non-responders” Q13. Which point of reference was most likely to prompt the identification of
non-responders?
Lab results
Pilot feedback reports
Claiming for funding
No point of reference
Other, pleasespecify________________________________________________
N/aQ14. Did you make a second attempt to contact non-responders?
Yes
N/aQ15. If YES, which method did you use most of the time to contact non-
responders?
Second letter
Telephone
Home visit
Other, please specify________________________________________________Q16. Did you refer patients to the outreach provider?
Yes
No
Sometimes
N/aQ17. If NO, please indicate why
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Q18. Did you receive lab results for patients from your practice screened via
the outreach provider?
Yes
No
N/aQ19. If YES, how likely were you to:
Q19.1 Attempt to recall patients with FPG >5.5 mmol/L
Very likely
Likely
Not at all likely
N/aQ19.2 Complete CVD risk assessment
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
N/aQ19.3 Re-refer to outreach to assist with further tests and information
Very likely
Likely
Not very likely
Not at all likely
N/aQ20. How useful were the feedback reports from Northland DHB?
Very useful
Useful
Not very useful
N/aQ21. In your professional role in the pilot, did you provide patients who
tested negative for Diabetes with healthy lifestyle education?
Yes
No
N/aQ22. Thinking of the opportunistic approach, what were the advantages of
screening for Diabetes and CVD risk this way?
_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Q23. Since completing the pilot, do you now routinely calculate and record
CVD risk?
Yes
No
SometimesThe final section: overall what do you think?
Q24. Thinking of screening for diabetes, please indicate on a scale of 1-5
whether you disagree or agree with the following statements. Disagree
Agree
1 2 3 4 5
Screening for diabetes in the general population
1 2 3 4 5
Community based screening in high risk populations
1 2 3 4 5
Systematic recall of high risk patients to screen for diabetes in General Practice
1 2 3 4 5
Systematic recall of high risk patients to screen for diabetes as part of CVD risk assessment
Q25. Was the funding realistic?
Yes
No
N/a Comments____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________
Q26. Did you feel adequately resourced to improve health outcomes for
patients identified from the pilot with;
Q26.1 Diabetes?
Yes
No
N/aQ26.2. Impaired Glucose Tolerance?
Yes
No
N/aQ26.3 Impaired Fasting Glucose?
Yes
No
N/a Q26.4 Raised CVD risk?
Yes
No
N/aThank you for completing the questionnaire.