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Research map: The Relationship between P-O Fit and Employee Outcomes: The Mediating Role of PNS and Employee Attitudes

Chapter 1

Research Objectives:

Chapter 1

Research Questions

Hypothesis Data Analysis

1. To observe several possible relationships between P-O Fit, PNS, employee attitudes (job involvement, affective OC, normative OC, and continuous OC) and employee outcomes (in-role performance and OCB) in higher education institutions in Malaysia.

1) What is the relationship

between employees’

perceptions of P-O Fit and their work outcomes in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions?

Hypothesis 1a: P-O Fit is positively related to In-role Performance

Hypothesis 1b: P-O Fit is positively related to OCB

Path Analysis Using PLS-SEM

2) What is the relationship

between employees’

perceptions of P-O Fit and their PNS in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions?

Hypothesis 2: P-O Fit is positively related to PNS.

3) What is the relationship between PNS and employees’ outcomes in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions?

Hypothesis 3a: PNS is positively related to In- role Performance.

Hypothesis 3b: PNS is positively related to OCB.

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4) What is the relationship

between employees’

perceptions of P-O Fit and their work attitudes in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions?

Hypothesis 4a: P-O Fit is positively related to Job Involvement

Hypothesis 4b1: P-O Fit is positively related to Affective Organizational Commitment.

Hypothesis 4b2: P-O Fit is positively related to Normative Organizational Commitment.

Hypothesis 4b3: P-O Fit is positively related to Continuous Organizational Commitment.

5) What is the relationship between employees’ attitudes and their outcomes in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions?

Hypothesis 5a: Job Involvement is positively related to In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 5b: Job Involvement is positively related to OCB.

Hypothesis 5c1: Affective Organizational Commitment is positively related to In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 5c2: Normative Organizational Commitment is positively related to In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 5c3: Continuous Organizational Commitment is positively related to In-role Performance.

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Hypothesis 5d1: Affective Organizational Commitment is positively related to OCB.

Hypothesis 5d2: Normative Organizational Commitment is positively related to OCB.

Hypothesis 5d3: Continuous Organizational Commitment is positively related to OCB.

6) What is the relationship between PNS and employees’ attitudes in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions?

Hypothesis 6a: PNS is positively related to Job Involvement.

Hypothesis 6b1: PNS is positively related to Affective Organizational Commitment.

Hypothesis 6b2: PNS is positively related to Normative Organizational Commitment.

Hypothesis 6b3: PNS is positively related to Continuous Organizational Commitment.

2. To examine the mediating effects of PNS on the relationship between P-O Fit and employee attitudes (job involvement, affective OC, normative OC and continuous OC).

7) Does PNS mediate the relationship between P-O Fit and employees’ attitudes?

Hypothesis 7a: PNS mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and Job Involvement.

Hypothesis 7b1: PNS mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and Affective Organizational Commitment.

Hypothesis 7b2: PNS mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and Normative

Path Analysis Using PLS-SEM

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Organizational Commitment.

Hypothesis 7b3: PNS mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and Continuous Organizational Commitment.

3. To examine the mediating effects of employee attitudes (job involvement, affective OC, normative OC and continuous OC) on the relationship between P-O Fit and employee outcomes (in- role performance and OCB).

8) Do employee attitudes mediate the relationship between P-O Fit and employees’ outcomes?

Hypothesis 8a: Job Involvement mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 8b: Job Involvement mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and OCB.

Hypothesis 8c1: Affective Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 8c2: Normative Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 8c3: Continuous Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 8d1: Affective Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and OCB.

Hypothesis 8d2: Normative Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship

Path Analysis Using PLS-SEM

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between P-O Fit and OCB.

Hypothesis 8d3: Continuous Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between P-O Fit and OCB.

4. To examine the mediating effects of employee attitudes (job involvement, affective OC, normative OC and continuous OC) on the relationships between PNS and employee outcomes (in- role performance and OCB).

9) Do employee attitudes mediate the relationship between PNS and employees’ outcomes?

Hypothesis 9a: Job Involvement mediates the relationship between PNS and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 9b: Job Involvement mediates the relationship between PNS and OCB.

Hypothesis 9c1: Affective Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between PNS and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 9c2: Normative Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between PNS and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 9c3: Continuous Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between PNS and In-role Performance.

Hypothesis 9d1: Affective Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between PNS and OCB.

Hypothesis 9d2: Normative Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship

Path Analysis Using PLS-SEM

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between PNS and OCB.

Hypothesis 9d3: Continuous Organizational Commitment mediates the relationship between PNS and OCB.

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