5.3 ESTRATEGIAS EN LA CULTURA ORGANIZACIONAL
5.3.5 MANUAL DE NEGOCIACIÓN CD SISTEMAS DE SEGURIDAD
2. How does a sluicer work?
Caught up in the 1906 earthquake i. pre-reading
A.
Background informationThis reading is from the book Dragonwings by Laurence Yep. Dragonwings is the story of a young Chinese boy and his father living in San Francisco in the early 1900s. In this part of the story, the boy is experiencing the 1906 earthquake. This terrible earthquake and the fire that followed it destroyed much of the city. It is believed that more than 3,000 people died in the disaster, making it one of the worst in U.S. history.
B.
Words to know before you read____ 1. tremor a. a tall narrow tower, often the bell tower of a church
____ 2. steeple b. a house divided into apartments for rent; low-rent housing
____ 3. tenement c. a movement, sometimes of the earth
____ 4. surge d. thankfully
____ 5. topple over e. move quickly ____ 6. mercifully f. knock over
C.
Reading strategySkim the following article quickly, and write the answer to the question.
What happened to the tenement house and Miss Whitlaw’s fence?
__________________________________________________________________________
ii. read
Read the text. Mark the words you don’t know, but don’t stop reading to look them up.
He started to get to his feet when the second tremor shook and he fell forward flat on his face. I heard the city bells ringing. They were rung by no human hand—the earthquake had just shaken them in their steeples. The second tremor was worse than the first. From all over came an immense wall of noise: of metal tearing, of bricks crashing, of wood breaking free from wood nails, and all. Everywhere, what man had built came undone. I was looking at a tenement house to our right and it just seemed to shudder and then collapse. One moment there were solid wooden walls and the next moment it had fallen with the cracking of wood and the tinkling of glass and the screams of people inside.
Mercifully, for a moment, it was lost to view in the cloud of dust that rose up. The debris surged against Miss Whitlaw’s fence and toppled it over with a creak and a groan and a crash. I saw an arm sticking up from the mound of rubble and the hand was twisted at an impossible angle from the wrist.
Coughing, Father pulled at my arm. “Stay here now,” he ordered and started for Miss Whitlaw’s.
Source: Dragonwings, by Laurence Yep, New York: HarperCollins, 1977.
iii. Comprehension CheCk
Read the questions. Circle the best answer.1. Why did the bells ring?
a.
to warn people about the earthquakeb.
the earthquake shook the bells2. What did the people do when the tenement house collapsed?
a.
They screamed.b.
They ran outside.3. What was making a lot of noise?
a.
dust rising and Father’s coughingb.
metal tearing and bricks crashing 4. Who is in the room with the boy?a.
Fatherb.
Miss Whitlaw 5. Who is Miss Whitlaw?a.
someone who lives on the other side of the cityb.
someone who lives very nearbyiv. voCabulary building A.
SynonymsSome of the words in this article have synonyms with very similar meanings.
Read the following words and their synonyms. Then complete the sentences with an appropriate word. More than one answer is possible for each sentence.
Use the correct form for the verbs.
shudder (v.) shake collapse (v.) fall down twist (v.) turn immense (adj.) huge debris (n.) rubble mound (n.) pile
1. The dogs were looking for victims in the ___________________.
2. There are still some buildings in San Francisco that didn’t ___________________ during the 1906 earthquake.
3. The earthquake caused ___________________ problems for San Francisco.
4. There was a ___________________ of clothing on top of the washing machine.
5. Be careful. The road ___________________ sharply up ahead.
6. The whole house ___________________ during the earthquake, but it didn’t collapse.
7. Many people were injured when the roof ___________________ on top of them.
8. He hurt his ankle when he ___________________ it during the earthquake.
9. They put the rocks in large ___________________ by the side of the road.
10. The economic loss caused by the earthquake was ___________________.
11. They had to clear the ___________________ from the old building.
12. People ___________________ when they are cold or frightened.
v. understanding grammar A.
Read about the past perfectThe past perfect is formed with had + the past participle of a verb. It shows that one action or event happened before another one in the past. It often appears in past tense narratives like this story.
Look at these examples of the past perfect from the story:
the earthquake had shaken them in their steeples (The earthquake shook the bells before the boy heard them.)
what man had built came undone
(Man built the buildings before the earthquake knocked them down.) the next moment it had fallen
(The building was already completely collapsed.)
B.
Identify time orderEach sentence contains two verbs. Underline the verb that happened first.
1. He had moved to San Francisco several years before the earthquake hit.
2. They picked up the debris that had fallen during the quake.
3. They helped neighbors that had gotten hurt.
4. They couldn’t fight the fire because water pipes had broken in the earthquake.
C.
Use the grammarComplete each sentence with the verbs in parentheses. Put one verb in the simple past and the other verb in the past perfect.
1. He _________________ (wake up) early the morning that the earthquake _________________ (hit).
2. The people _________________ (realize) that they _________________ (not prepared) for such a disaster.
3. The fire _________________ (destroy) many buildings that _________________ (not fall) in the quake.
4. She _________________ (go) back to her house, but it _________________
(collapse).
5. He _________________ (remember) that the building _________________
(shudder) violently before it fell down.
vi. read it again
Read the excerpt again. Answer the questions.
1. What were the houses made of?
2. What words does the writer use to describe sounds?