Definición y herramientas estadísticas de la calidad
O. T. Nombre del impreso Sobretiro por defecto
6. Corrida confirmatoria
4.1.6. Propuestas de mejora y recomendaciones
The following table explains terminology, which the SAP ERP Master Guides frequently use.
Item Meaning
Mechanism to ship innovations in a nondisruptive way based on a stable core release. Enhancement packages follow a set of rules to ensure that you can install the functions smoothly and quickly without affecting the customers’ business processes. New functionality in enhancement packages must be explicitly switched on by the customer to become effective
Stable Core Release
The stable core release of SAP ERP is SAP ERP 6.0. For other Applications in the SAP Business Suite, a different stable core release level could exist. SAP ships innovations to the stable core release by means of enhancement packages. Separate support packages are available for the stable core, which contain only bug fixes but no new functionality
Enterprise Service
An SAP or SAP Partner defined web service. Enterprise Services provide business processes or business process steps that can be used to compose business scenarios while ensuring business integrity and ease of reuse
Product Instance A group of technically dependent software component versions, which have to be installed and operated on a single logical system/server which:
Show the maximum possible distribution of a product version Smallest elements for designing system landscapes
Example:
Version 6.0 of software component SAP ECC is part of the product instance SAP ERP 6.0 – SAP ECC SERVER, where SAP ERP 6.0 depicts the product version.
Specializations:
In the enhancement package framework the following specializations are possible:
General product instances, such as SAP ECC Server, or SAP NW – EP Core, which you need to install as a complete package.
You install the product instances of type content together with other product instances, where they provide necessary content and preconfigurations. Examples for similar content are the Business Packages (Portal Content), which you install in addition to product instance SAP NW – EP Core.
Product instances of type ABAP product instances, or Java product instances, which bundle different software components from general product instances, as they are required to
implement a desired business function Product External/delivery view on SAP‘s software:
Item Meaning
Examples: SAP R/3, SAP ERP, enhancement package for SAP
Product version Versioned technical representation of an SAP Product, carrying, among other things, properties such as Add-On product version or stand-alone product version, comprised software components, and product
instances.
Collection of software component versions, which defines the system landscape required to perform defined business function.
The following types of product versions are available:
Stand alone product version: Product version than can be used on its own
Add-On product version: You have to install the product instances of the Add-On Product Versions on the
corresponding instances of the stand-alone product version Example:
Product version SAP ENH PACK 3 for SAP ERP 6.0
represents enhancement package 3 for SAP ERP 6.0 from the technical perspective. SAP ENH PACK 3 for SAP ERP 6.0 includes all product instances and software components that you require to install the enhancements shipped with
enhancement package 3 for SAP ERP 6.0. SAP ENH PACK 3 for SAP ERP 6.0 requires product version SAP ERP 6.0 to function.
Software Component
Software components represent the technical view on SAP software and are a building block of a product instance. They are used in several product versions.
It describes the smallest unit that is delivered, maintained or deployed, and is installed and patched as a whole.
Example:
SAP ECC 6.0 is part of product instance SAP ECC Server, and includes software component SAP APPL
Software Component Version
Version or release of a software component.
Properties include, for example, availability information, maintenance information, technical dependencies on other software component versions, release information.
Examples:
SAP BASIS 4.5B, SAP APPL 4.6B Business
Function
Business meaning assigned to a specific functional enhancement shipped with an enhancement package for SAP ERP 6.0. Business functions describe a set of functions and processes that belong together logically.
One or more switches control one Business Function. These switches are assigned to each business function in a predefined state.
Example:
Business function Local Close is assigned to the Closing Cockpit, which is used to schedule and monitor tasks relating
Item Meaning
to the generic business process Local Close ABAP Product
Instance
Grouping used to bundle all software components of an enhancement package for SAP ERP, which are installed on a defined general product instance
Example:
ABAP Product Instance Central Applications includes the software component versions EA-APPL 604 and SAP APPL 6.04. You install Central Applications on the general product instance SAP ECC Server. SAP ECC Server consists of other software components as well.
In the enhancement package framework: when installing an ABAP product instance within a general product instance, the included software components exchange existing but lower versions of the same software component
Technical Usage Technical Usages are assigned to business functions and bundle all product Instances and software components that meet the following criteria
They are required to install the enhancements for that business function,
They were shipped with the enhancement package for SAP ERP.
Example:
Technical Usage HCM - Travel Management includes ABAP Product instance - Human Capital Management (based on SAP ECC Server) and Portal Content (based on Portal
Content, requires SAP NW - EP Core), and XI Content (based on XI Content, requires SAP NW - Process Integration)
Industry Business Function Sets
Industry extensions are grouped by industry business function sets and are activated using the SAP Switch Framework
Enterprise Business Functions
Generic business functions, used by several SAP Industry Solutions.
Industry functions delivered in this enhancement package for SAP ERP are active only, if both the industry business function/enterprise
business function and the enhancement package for SAP ERP have been activated
Business Process A business process is a set of activities transforming a defined business input into a defined business outcome
Business Scenario
A sequence of business processes designed to reach key business objectives. A business scenario is either specific to one industry (industry-specific scenario) or applicable to multiple industries (cross-industry scenario)
Generic Business Process
Grouping used to structure SAP ERP from the process point of view You find the grouping by business processes in several deliveries, such as the SAP Solution Manager, and Solution Map.
Example:
SAP ERP 6.0 includes, among other things, the key functional area Financials. Generic business process Local Close
Scenario a concrete system landscape. It consists of a list of technical components and of a configuration bill of material. It describes the physical shipment of a scenario and considers the various release levels
Process
Component List
List of software components and product instances required to install a generic business process or Role-Based Work Center.
Example:
To implement process Local Close, you require systems with the following product instances (versions):
SAP ECC Server
SAP NW – EP Core, including SAP XSS (Self Services) and portal content
Component wise upgrade
SAP has designed enhancement packages for SAP ERP as Add-On product versions to SAP ERP 6.0.
Where applicable, the software components they include are installed in an SAP ERP 6.0 system landscape in such a way that they
exchange the older versions of the same software component altered with that enhancement package for SAP ERP
SOA Service-Oriented Architecture
8 The Main SAP Documentation Types
The following diagram provides an overview of the most important documentation types that you need during various phases in the life cycle of an SAP application:
Implementation Implementation
Master Guide
Configuration
Documentation Release Notes
Component Installation Guide
Component Upgrade Guide Upgrade Master Guide Operation
Operation UpgradeUpgrade
Solution Management Guide
Implementation Guide (IMG) Delta and Upgrade IMG Security Guide
SAP Library SAPterm
Figure 20: Documentation Types in the Software Life Cycle
Cross-Phase Documentation
SAPterm
SAPterm is SAP’s terminology database. It contains SAP-specific vocabulary in over 30 languages, as well as many definitions and glossary entries in English and German.
Target group:
o Relevant for all target groups Current version:
o Located on SAP Help Portal at help.sap.com Additional Information Glossary (direct access) or Terminology (as terminology CD)
o In the SAP-System in transaction STERM.
SAP Library
SAP Library is a collection of function and process-oriented documentation for SAP
components. The SAP Library also contains the description of integrated business content, which enables you to learn more about SAP Business Suite applications.
Target group:
o Consultants
o System administrators
o Project teams for implementations or upgrades Current version:
o Located on SAP Help Portal at help.sap.com
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at http://service.sap.com/ibc, and at http://service.sap.com/erp, but limited to descriptions of integrated business content
Implementation Guide (IMG)
The Implementation Guide is a tool for configuring the SAP system to meet customer requirements. Its structure and documentation are component-oriented.
Target group:
o Application consultants
o Project teams for implementations or upgrades Current version:
o In the menu of the SAP system under Tools Customizing IMG Security Guide
The Security Guide describes the settings for a medium security level and offers suggestions for raising security levels. A collective security guide is available for SAP NetWeaver
technologies, like SAP NetWeaver Application Server (SAP Web AS). This document contains general guidelines and suggestions about system security. Other technologies and individual applications have a Security Guide of their own.
Target group:
o Technology consultants o Application consultants
o Project teams for implementations or upgrades Current version:
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at
http://service.sap.com/securityguide
Implementation
Master Guide
The Master Guide is the starting point for implementing an SAP application. It lists the SAP components and third-party applications that are required for each Business Scenario. It provides scenario-specific descriptions of preparation, execution and follow-up of an
implementation. It also offers references to other documents, such as Component Installation Guides and SAP Notes.
Target group:
o Technology consultants o System administrators
o Project teams for implementations Current version:
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at
http://service.sap.com/instguides SAP Business Suite Solutions SAP ERP
Component Installation Guide
The Component Installation Guide describes the technical implementation of an SAP component, taking into account the combinations of operating systems and databases. It does not describe any business-related configuration.
Target group:
o Technology consultants
o Project teams for implementations
Current version:
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at
http://service.sap.com/instguides SAP Business Suite Solutions SAP ERP
Configuration Documentation in SAP Solution Manager
SAP Solution Manager is a tool with various functions, one of them being the configuration of SAP applications and Business Scenarios. It contains IMG activities and transactions, as well as documentation. Instead of the configuration documentation in SAP Solution Manager, there may be separate Business Scenario Configuration Guides in SAP Service Marketplace for earlier shipments of the Business Scenarios of an SAP application.
Target group:
o Application consultants
o Project teams for implementations Current version:
o In SAP Solution Manager
o Located on Service Marketplace at http://service.sap.com/ibc
Production Operation
Solution Operation Guide
The Solution Operation Guide is the starting point for operating an SAP application. The guide refers users to the tools and documentation needed to carry out various tasks, such as monitoring, backup/restore, master data maintenance, transports and tests. It also refers users to other documents, for example, the SAP Library, the Master Guide, and the Component Management Guides.
Target group:
System administrators Technology consultants Application consultants
Project teams for implementations or upgrades Current version:
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at
http://service.sap.com/instguides SAP Business Suite Solutions SAP ERP
Upgrade
Upgrade Master Guide
The Upgrade Master Guide is the starting point for upgrading the Business Scenarios of an SAP application. It provides scenario-specific descriptions of preparation, execution, and follow-up of an upgrade. It also refers to other documents, such as the Component Upgrade Guides and SAP Notes. Instead of an Upgrade Master Guide, there may be several Business Scenario Upgrade Guides or an Application Upgrade Guide for earlier shipments of the Business Scenarios of an SAP application.
Target group:
o Technology consultants
o Project teams for upgrades Current version:
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at
http://service.sap.com/instguides SAP Business Suite Solutions SAP ERP
Component Upgrade Guide
The Component Upgrade Guide describes the technical upgrade of an SAP component, taking into account the combinations of operating systems and databases. It does not describe any business-related configuration.
Target group:
o Technology consultants o Project teams for upgrades Current version:
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at
http://service.sap.com/instguides SAP Business Suite Solutions SAP ERP
Release Notes
Release Notes are documents that contain short descriptions of new features or changes in an SAP component since the previous release. Release notes on ABAP developments enable the SAP system to generate delta and upgrade IMGs.
Target group:
o Consultants
o Project teams for upgrades Current version:
o Located on SAP Service Marketplace at
http://service.sap.com/releasenotes
o In the menu of the SAP system under Help Release information