• No se han encontrado resultados

Del espacio vivido al espacio del texto : dialogando con Fernando Aínsa

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2020

Share "Del espacio vivido al espacio del texto : dialogando con Fernando Aínsa"

Copied!
11
0
0

Texto completo

(1)

'HOHVSDFLRYLYLGRDOHVSDFLR

GHOWH[WR

'LDORJDQGRFRQ)HUQDQGR$tQVD

$\PDUiGH/ODQR

8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH0DUGHO3ODWD

$\PDUi GH /ODQR &RQRFLPRV VXV WUDEDMRV HQ JH QHUDO\HQHVSHFLDOVREUHODXWRStDHQODOLWHUDWX UD GH $PpULFD /DWLQD QRV JXVWDUtD VDEHU FXiOHV VRQ VXV LQTXLHWXGHV DFWXDOHV \ VL KD DELHUWR QXH YDV OtQHDV GH WUDEDMR

)HUQDQGR$tQVD$FDEDGHSXEOLFDUVHXQOLEURTXHUH VXPHHOWUDEDMRGHDxRVDQWHULRUHVVREUHODUHODFLyQGHOD OLWHUDWXUDFRQHOHVSDFLR8QDUHODFLyQIXQGDFLRQDOHQ$Pp ULFDFRPRVHKDYLVWRHQHVWRVGtDVHQHO&RQJUHVRGHOD $((/+HQ9DOODGROLG/DVSULPHUDVGHVFULSFLRQHVTXHVH KDFHQ GH$PpULFD \D HVWiQ HQ HO'LDULR GH &ULVWyEDO &ROyQTXHSXHGHFRQVLGHUDUVHHOSULPHUOLEURGHOLWHUDWXUD $KtVHHYLGHQFLDODWRPDGHFRQWDFWRUHODFLyQFRQODQDWX UDOH]DODVRUSUHVDODPDUDYLOODFyPRVHYDDSURSLDQGRGH HVDQDWXUDOH]DSRUODSDODEUD\VHYDWUDQVIRUPDQGRHQSDL VDMHTXHHVHQFLHUWRPRGRODQDWXUDOH]DGRPHVWLFDGDD

(2)

WUDYpVGHODYLVLyQGHOKRPEUHHVDUHODFLyQDQWURSRFpQWULFD GHOHVSDFLR\HOHQWRUQR6LHPSUHPHKDDSDVLRQDGRHVRSRU TXHODSULPHUDYH]TXHXQRSLHQVDHQODQDWXUDOH]DTXHQR FRQRFHSLHQVDHQODKRVWLOLGDG\HOSHOLJUR(QODSURSLD(X URSDKDVXFHGLGRORPLVPR'XUDQWHOD(GDG0HGLDORVERV TXHV\ODVPRQWDxDVHUDQOXJDUHVSREODGRVSRUGXHQGHVVH UHVH[WUDxRVORERV«6LQHPEDUJRFRQHOURPDQWLFLVPRVH WUDQVIRUPDQHQOXJDUHVDSDFLEOHVVXEOLPDGRVSRUODSRHVtD SDLVDMHVSDUDUHFRUUHU\DGPLUDU(VRPLVPRVHSURGXFHHQ $PpULFDGHXQDPDQHUDPXFKRPiVDUULHVJDGD\HQHVWH QXHYROLEURWUDWRHVDUHODFLyQHVHGHVFXEULPLHQWRLQLFLDOHVD DSURSLDFLyQGHOHVSDFLRSRUODSDODEUDGHODWUDQVIRUPDFLyQ GHODQDWXUDOH]DHQSDLVDMH

$GH/O¢3RUTXpFUHHXGTXHHVWDQLPSRUWDQWHOD VHOYD HQ OD OLWHUDWXUD ODWLQRDPHULFDQD" ¢(V XQD FXHVWLyQ WHPiWLFD R WLHQH RWUDV LPSOLFDFLRQHV"

)$(OOLEURVHOODPD'HOWRSRVDOORJRV3URSXHVWDV

GHJHRSRpWLFDSRUTXHDVtFRPRKD\XQDJHRSROtWLFDGHEH

UtDKDEHUXQDJHRSRpWLFDORTXHSXHGHVHUXQDJHRJUDItDHQ VXUHODFLyQFRQODOLWHUDWXUD/DOODPDGD³QRYHODGHODVHOYD´ HVXQHMHPSORSDOPDULRGHHVR,QLFLDOPHQWHFRQHOURPDQWL FLVPRODVHOYDHVVLQyQLPRGHSDUDtVRQRKD\LQVHFWRVQR KD\YtERUDVQRKD\SUREOHPDV3LHQVRHQ&XPDQGiGH-XDQ /HyQ0HUD'HVSXpVFRQHOQDWXUDOLVPRFRQODVSULPHUDV YDQJXDUGLDV HVD PLVPD VHOYD VH WUDQVIRUPD HQ LQILHUQR $SDUHFHQORVUHSWLOHV\XQDYHJHWDFLyQVRIRFDQWHDSHQDV KD\VHUHVKXPDQRVFRPRHQ/DYRUiJLQHGH-RVp(XVWDVLR 5LYHUD/OHYRHODQiOLVLVGHHVWHWRSRVXQFDStWXORGHOOLEUR KDVWDODUHODFLyQDFWXDOSRUHMHPSORHQ(OKDEODGRUGH0DULR 9DUJDV/ORVDTXHHVOD~OWLPDQRYHODTXHDQDOL]RGRQGHVH SODQWHDTXpWLSRGHFLYLOL]DFLyQKD\TXHOOHYDUDODVHOYDVL KD\TXHSUHVHUYDURQRODYLGDLQGtJHQDRULJLQDO(VDUHODFLyQ

(3)

DWUDYLHVDWRGRHOVLJOR;;(QHOOLEURWDPELpQDQDOL]RODFLX GDGFRPRRWURHVSDFLRTXHKR\HQGtDYHPRVFRPRKRVWLO\ YLROHQWRSHURTXHWDPELpQWLHQHVXHQFDQWR\HVPRWLYRGH QRVWDOJLD\SRHVtD3LHQVRHQ%RUJHV\0DUHFKDOHQ%XHQRV $LUHVOD+DEDQDGH&DEUHUD,QIDQWHOD&DUDFDVGH6DOYD GRU*DUPHQGLDHO'LVWULWR)HGHUDOGH0p[LFRGH&DUORV)XHQ WHV

$GH/O¢(VWXGLDHVWDVSUREOHPiWLFDVHQODOLWHUD WXUD GH ORV DxRV QRYHQWD HV GHFLU KDFLD ILQHV GHO VLJOR ;;"

)$6tHQORVQRYHQWDVODFLXGDGHVWiPX\SUHVHQWH (QXQ&RORTXLRHQHOTXHSDUWLFLSpHQ)UDQFLDWRPpHOFDVR GH0RQWHYLGHR\HOGHWHULRURXUEDQRODUXLQDFRPRHVWpWLFD /DQRVWDOJLD\ODDWUDFFLyQGHPXQGRVLGRTXHWLHQH0RQWHYL GHR+XERRWURVSDUWLFLSDQWHVTXHKDEODEDQGHODYLROHQFLD XUEDQDHQ0HGHOOtQ\HQ&RORPELDHQJHQHUDOGHODFRQWD PLQDFLyQ\HOGHWHULRURGHODVGLILFXOWDGHVGHODYLGDGLDULDHQ 0p[LFR(VRHVWiWUDGXFLGRHQPXFKtVLPDVQRYHODV0HTXHGp DVRPEUDGRFXDQGRHPSHFpDHVWXGLDUODQDUUDWLYDXUXJXD \DGHODFDQWLGDGGHQRYHODVTXHKDEODQGHOGHWHULRUR/DV JUDQGHVPDQVLRQHVODVIDPLOLDVTXHVHGHVFRPSRQHQWRGR XQPXQGRTXHSHUWHQHFHDOSDVDGR6HYHtDHQQRYHODVFRPR ODVGH%HDWUL]*XLGRHQ$UJHQWLQD/DFDVDGHOiQJHOHVD HVSHFLHGHLQYDVLyQGHOXUEDQLVPRVDOYDMHTXHYDGHVWUX\HQ GRFDVDVTXHQRVHSXHGHQPDQWHQHUSRUVtPLVPDV«HQHO FDVRGH8UXJXD\KD\XQDQDUUDWLYDPX\LPSUHVLRQDQWHTXH H[SUHVDHVWHWRSRV

$GH/O¢4XLpQHVVRQORVQDUUDGRUHVMyYHQHVXUX JXD\RV TXH XG GHVWDFDUtD"

)$'HVWDFR\VR\XQHQWXVLDVWDGHODQDUUDWLYDGH +XJR%XUHOHQ7LMHUDGHSODWDSRUHMHPSOR6RQUHODWRVGH

(4)

XQSHOXTXHURTXHpOUHFXHUGDGHVXLQIDQFLDHQ0RQWHYLGHR (OSHOXTXHUROHFRQWDEDXQDKLVWRULDDFDGDSDUURTXLDQRXQD HVSHFLHGH/DVPLO\XQDQRFKHVRGH0DQXVFULWRHQFRQ

WUDGR HQ =DUDJR]D« pO YD D EXVFDU OD SHOXTXHUtD HQ XQ

EDUULRTXHKR\HQGtDHVWiWRWDOPHQWHGHJUDGDGRVHHYRFD XQPXQGRTXH\DQRH[LVWHHQ0RQWHYLGHR+XJR%XUHOYLYH HQ0RQWHYLGHRSXEOLFDVXVOLEURVHQOD(GLWRULDO$OIDJXDUD KDJDQDGRSUHPLRVHQ(VSDxDSUHFLVDPHQWH7LMHUDGHSOD WDVHKDSXEOLFDGRHQ(VSDxDHQOD(GLWRULDO/HQJXDGH7UD SRFRPR(OJXHUUHURGHOFUHS~VFXORTXHWDPELpQHVPX\ QRVWiOJLFDGHHVHPXQGRHQHO8UXJXD\$GHPiVHVWi5DIDHO &RXUWRLVLH FRQ SURSXHVWDV QDUUDWLYDV PX\ LQWHUHVDQWHV \ 0LOWRQ)RUQDURUHFUHDGRUGHFLXGDGHVSURYLQFLDQDVGHDW PyVIHUDRSUHVLYD7DPELpQKD\PXMHUHVH[WUDRUGLQDULDVFRPR 7HUHVD3RU]HFDQVNLRHOVHUH[FHSFLRQDOTXHIXH0DURVD'L *LRUJLRDXQTXHQRIXHUDODVX\DXQDQDUUDWLYDWUDGLFLRQDO VLQRXQDSURVDSRpWLFDTXHSXHGHVHUHVWXGLDGDGHVGHHOSXQ WRGHYLVWDGHODQDUUDWLYD3HURVREUHWRGRKD\DXWRUHVPiV MyYHQHVLQTXLHWRV\UHQRYDGRUHVFRPR*DEULHO3HYHURQL\ 3DEOR &DVDFXEHUWD

$ GH /O ¢3LHQVD TXH WRGDYtD OD XWRStD RSHUD GH DOJXQD PDQHUD HQ OD QDUUDWLYD ~OWLPD" ¢(Q TXp IRUPD"

)$/DXWRStDHVWiHQFULVLV6LQHPEDUJRDPtPH PROHVWDWDOYH]SRUODHGDG\VHU³XQKLMRGHORVDxRVVHVHQ WD´FXDQGRVHFUHtDPXFKRHQODXWRStDYHUFyPRDOJXQRV HVFULWRUHVMyYHQHVHQWUHRWURVHOJUXSROODPDGR³OLWHUDWXUD GHOFUDFN´HQ0p[LFR-RUJH9ROSL\3DGLOODHQWUHRWURVHQ DFWLWXGSRVPRGHUQDGHVSUHFLDQWRGRDTXHOORTXHSXGLHURQVHU ORVLGHDOHVGHORVDxRVVHVHQWD(OSURSLR9DUJDV/ORVDORKD KHFKRHQVXV~OWLPDVQRYHODV7RGRVKDFHQOHxDGHOiUERO FDtGR0HUHVXOWDPROHVWRTXHHVWpGHPRGDKDEODUPDOGHOD

(5)

XWRStDHVFLHUWRTXHKXERXWRStDVSUHVXQWDPHQWHUHDOL]DGDV TXHGHPRVWUDURQVXLQKXPDQLGDGSHURORTXHFRQVLGHURTXH HVSDUWHGHODKLVWRULDHVOD³IXQFLyQXWySLFD´HVDHVSHFLHGH GHVHRGHFRQVHJXLUDOJRPHMRUDOJRTXHYD\DPiVDOOiGHOR TXHWHQHPRVSRUPX\FRQIRUWDEOHTXHSDUH]FD(VODPHQWD EOHTXHTXHGHDEROLGRORTXHXQILOyVRIRFRPR(UQVW%ORFK OODPDEDHO³SULQFLSLRHVSHUDQ]D´HVPX\WULVWHHOLPLQDUWRGD HVSHUDQ]D

$GH/O¢$XQTXHHVWRQRRFXUUHHQODPD\RUtDGH ORV HVFULWRUHV SLHQVD TXH WLHQH TXH YHU FRQ OR VR FLRHFRQyPLFR\SROtWLFRTXHVHYLYHHQ$PpULFD\ TXH GD FXHQWD GH TXH ODV JUDQGHV XWRStDV QR KDQ SURVSHUDGR \ WRGDYtD KR\ VLJXHQ VLHQGR WDOHV"

)$/RTXHYHRHQODOLWHUDWXUDODWLQRDPHULFDQDDFWXDO HVXQJUDQGLYRUFLRHQWUHHVWRVHVFULWRUHVTXHFLUFXODQHQ HGLWRULDOHVHVSDxROHVTXHWDPELpQFLUFXODQSRU(XURSD\ORV TXHYLYHQWUDEDMDQ\SDGHFHQHQ$PpULFD/DWLQDTXHVRQ GHVFRQRFLGRV+DFHWUHVDxRVIXLMXUDGRGHO3UHPLR³5yPXOR *DOOHJRV´GH9HQH]XHOD\SXGHYHUFDQWLGDGGHQRYHODVVyOR GH$UJHQWLQDPHOOHJDURQPiVGHFLHQQRYHODV'HVFXEUtOD ULTXH]DTXHH[LVWH\TXHVHSXEOLFDIXHUDGHORVJUDQGHVFLU FXLWRVHGLWRULDOHV0HOODPDURQODDWHQFLyQHVSHFLDOPHQWHODV QRYHODVGH0p[LFR$UJHQWLQD\&RORPELDSRUODWHPiWLFD\ ORTXHHVVDOXGDEOHHVHOKXPRUTXHDSDUHFH/DXWRStDQRVH WRPDHQVHULRSHURODOLWHUDWXUDVHVDOYDSRUHOKXPRUOD GHUULVLyQ\ODLUULVLyQ<DQRKD\QRYHODVWRWDOHVFRPRODVTXH TXHUtDQUHVROYHUODUHDOLGDGDOHVWLORGHODSDUDGLJPiWLFD6R

EUHKpURHV\WXPEDVGH(UQHVWR6iEDWR(OQXHYRWLSRGH

OLWHUDWXUDHVVDOXGDEOH

$GH/O¢&yPRYHODFXHVWLyQGHOPHUFDGR"3RUOR TXH XG GHVFULEH HQ (XURSD FLUFXOD XQ WLSR GH OL WHUDWXUDSRUVXLQVHUFLyQHQHOPHUFDGRHGLWRULDO GHVFRQRFLGD HQ $PpULFD

(6)

)$$XQFXDQGRVHDQSXEOLFDGRVSRUODVPLVPDVFD VDVHGLWRULDOHVHVSDxRODVFRQVHGHHQDOJXQDVFDSLWDOHVGH $PpULFDQRVDOHQGHOiPELWRQDFLRQDO/RTXHHVXQDHVWDID SRUTXHODVWDSDVGH$OIDJXDUDGH$UJHQWLQDR8UXJXD\VRQ LGpQWLFDVDODVGH(VSDxD\HOHVFULWRUFUHHTXHHVWiFLUFXODQ GRVLQHPEDUJRQRVDOHGHVXSDtVHVHOFDVRGH+XJR%XUHO SRUHMHPSOR1LVLTXLHUDVRQFRQRFLGRVHQSDtVHVOLPtWURIHV DPHULFDQRVHQWRQFHVHVWDVLVODVHQTXHVHKDQFRQYHUWLGR ORVSDtVHVODWLQRDPHULFDQRVLQFOXVRFRQODFRPSOLFLGDG\OD HVWDID«SRUTXHVL\RSXEOLFRFRPRSXEOLFRWRGRVPLVOLEURV VREUH8UXJXD\HQXQDHGLWRULDOXUXJXD\DFRPR7ULOFHHVWR\ RSWDQGRSRUXQDHGLWRULDOQDFLRQDODODFXDOVR\ILHOGHVGH KDFHPXFKRVDxRVSHURPXFKRVHVFULWRUHVTXHSXEOLFDEDQ HQSHTXHxDVHPSUHVDVQDFLRQDOHVVHKDQSDVDGRD3ODQHWDR $OIDJXDUDSHQVDQGRTXHYDQDHQWUDUHQRWURFLUFXLWR\QR VDOHQGHORPLVPR<DXQTXHPXFKRVWHQtDQLGHDVUHYROXFLR QDULDVFXDQGRSLHQVDQHQWpUPLQRVGHSXEOLFDUVXVOLEURVVH VXEHQDOFDEDOORGHXQDPXOWLQDFLRQDO<RVHORVKHUHSURFKD GR\FXDQGRPHLQYLWDURQDOD)HULDGHO/LEURHQ&XEDHQ IHEUHURGHSDUDSUHVHQWDUXQDQRYHOD\GDUXQDFRQIH UHQFLDVREUHHOWHPDGHOOLEURKDEOpGHOD³ELEOLRGLYHUVLGDG´ $VtFRPRKDEODPRVGHODELRGLYHUVLGDG\ODFRQVHUYDFLyQGH HVSHFLHV\RGLJRTXHKD\TXHFRQVHUYDUODVSHTXHxDVHGLWR ULDOHVORVSHTXHxRVOLEURVSRUTXHORVWUDQVJpQLFRV$OID JXDUD\3ODQHWDORVJUXSRVVHFRPHQODVSHTXHxDVHGLWRULD OHVTXHQRVRQQHFHVDULDPHQWHFRPHUFLDOHVSHTXHxDVHGLWR ULDOHVGHSRHVtDSRUHMHPSOR(VWDVJUDQGHVHGLWRULDOHVPDQ

GDQORVH[FHGHQWHVGHOLEURVQRYHQGLGRVDODV)HULDV\SUiF WLFDPHQWHORVUHJDODQHQ&XEDHOSUHFLRGHORVOLEURVHVPX\ EDMRSRUHOSRGHUDGTXLVLWLYRJHQHUDO'HWDOPDQHUDTXHHO SHTXHxRHGLWRUTXHDSXHVWDDLU\SUHVHQWDUVHHQOD)HULD FRQXQJUDQHVIXHU]RSURWHVWDSRUTXHVHYHSHUMXGLFDGR

(7)

$GH/O$SHVDUGHWRGRHVWRODEXHQDOLWHUDWXUD VREUHYLYH«

)$5HVXOWDDSDVLRQDQWHGHVFXEULUODVQXHYDVWHQGHQ FLDV+D\TXHHVWDUUHYLVDQGRSHUPDQHQWHPHQWHORTXHXQR SHUFLEH\HVFULEHFRPRFUtWLFRSRUTXHKDFHXQRVDxRV\D KLFHXQRVWUDEDMRVDFHUFDGHFyPRODFXOWXUDSRSXODUKDHQ WUDGRHQODQDUUDWLYD6HKDGHMDGRODQDUUDWLYDSROtWLFD\GH UHVLVWHQFLDRLGHROyJLFDSRUXQDOLWHUDWXUDTXHWLHQHPXFKR PiVHQFXHQWDORSRSXODU3RUHMHPSORHOI~WEROODP~VLFDHO WDQJRHQ$UJHQWLQDFRUULGRVHQ0p[LFRHOGHSRUWH3XEOLTXp XQWUDEDMRVREUHHOGHSRUWHODUHODFLyQFRQIOLFWLYDGHOGHSRU WHFRQODOLWHUDWXUD\FyPRKDEtDVLGRUHFKD]DGRSRUWRGDXQD JHQHUDFLyQ\VLQHPEUDJRKR\\DVHYHGHRWUDIRUPDHQHO SURSLR(GXDUGR*DOHDQRRHQ-XDQ9LOORUR7DPELpQKD\XQ LQJUHVRGHORSRSXODUFRQHOFLQHHV0DQXHO3XLJHOTXHFR PLHQ]DFRQ/DWUDLFLyQGH5LWD+D\ZRUWKRSRVWHULRUPHQ WHORVOLEURVGHFRFLQDFRQ$JXDSDUDFKRFRODWHGH/DXUD (VTXLYHO9HPRVFyPRFLHUWRVJpQHURVSLHUGHQODVIURQWHUDV ODUHLYLQGLFDFLyQGH&RUtQ7HOODGRSRU*DUFtD0iUTXH]\RWURV HVWHIHQyPHQRHVPX\LQWHUHVDQWH

$GH/O¢([LVWHXQREMHWRGHHVWXGLRGHQRPLQDGR ³OLWHUDWXUD ODWLQRDPHULFDQD´ TXH VH GLIHUHQFLD GH RWUDV OLWHUDWXUDV"

)$&UHRTXHKD\XQDUHODFLyQHVSHFLDOFRQHOPHGLR YROYHPRVDOWHPDGHOSULQFLSLR9ROSLSRGUiHVFULELUVREUH $OHPDQLD\3DGLOODVREUHSDtVHVHQORVFXDOHVQRKDHVWDGR QXQFDWDPELpQORKL]R0XMLFD/iLQH]HQ%RPDU]RR/DUUHWD

HQ/DJORULDGH'RQ5DPLURR&DUORV5H\OHVFRQ(OHP

EUXMRGH6HYLOODSHURORIXQGDPHQWDOGH$PpULFDKDHVWDGR

HQHVDUHODFLyQGHOHVFULWRUFRQVXPHGLR(OWUDQVYDVHGH LQIOXHQFLDVODVOHFWXUDVP~OWLSOHVHO%RUJHVTXHHVFULEHVR EUHODHVTXLQDURVDGDSHURDOPLVPRWLHPSROHHVDJDVHV

(8)

FDQGLQDYDVRMXHJDDTXHODVKDOHtGRQXQFDVHVDEHRHV FULWRUHVWDQIDEXORVRVFRPR/H]DPD/LPDGHFXOWXUDP~OWL SOHWUDQVYHUVDO&UHRTXHQRSXHGHOLPLWDUVHDXQDWHPiWLFD ODWLQRDPHULFDQDSRUTXHpVHHVRWURULHVJRHOGHOUHJLRQDOLV PRGHODFDtGDHQXQQDFLRQDOLVPRH[WUHPR+DQVLGRIXQGD PHQWDOHVODVJUDQGHVLQIOXHQFLDVFRPR:LOOLDP)DXONQHUHQ -XDQ&DUORV2QHWWLRHQHOSURSLR*DUFtD0iUTXH]RODHQRU PHLQIOXHQFLDTXHWXYRRWURHVFULWRUGHOVXUGH((88TXH QRVHKDHVWXGLDGREDVWDQWHTXHHV6KHUZRRG$QGHUVRQHQ ORVFXHQWRVVREUH2KLR:LQHVEXUJ2KLRDKtVHYHXQPXQ GRFRPRHOGH6DQWDPDUtDGH2QHWWL/DVOHFWXUDVVRQP~OWL SOHVIHOL]PHQWHSRUHVRKDKDELGRHVWDOLWHUDWXUDHVSOpQGLGD \VLJXHH[LVWLHQGR/DVLQIOXHQFLDVVRQGLYHUVDV\HOPHVWL]D MHWDPELpQORHV1RKD\FRVDPiVLQWHUHVDQWHTXHYHUDXQ HVFULWRUFRPR6DOPDQ5XVKGLHFRPHQWDQGRVXSULPHUOLEUR

+LMRVGHODPHGLDQRFKH'LMRKDEHUORHVFULWRJUDFLDVDVXV

OHFWXUDVFRPELQDGDVGH(OWDPERUGHKRMDODWDGH*QWHU *UDVV\&LHQDxRVGHVROHGDG/DOLWHUDWXUDDIULFDQDDFWXDO WLHQHPXFKDLQIOXHQFLDGHODOLWHUDWXUDODWLQRDPHULFDQDDVt FRPRODQXHYDP~VLFDTXHYLHQHGH&RQJRHQGRQGHVHQRWD HOYLDMHGHLGD\YXHOWDGHVGH$PpULFDKDFLDÈIULFDXQDYXHOWD GHVGHHO&DULEHDVXVRUtJHQHVSHUR³UHVHPDQWL]DGD´VHSR GUtDGHFLU(VHPHVWL]DMHWLHQHXQOHQJXDMHLQWHUQDFLRQDOTXH HQHOFDVRGHODOLWHUDWXUDHVWiOLPLWDGRSRUODOHQJXDSHURKD\ PXFKDVWUDGXFFLRQHV3RUUD]RQHVGHWUDEDMRHQ81(6&2 \HQPLVLyQFXOWXUDOKHLGRPXFKRDODUHJLyQGHORV%DOFDQHV /DFRPSDURFRQ$PpULFD/DWLQDKHGHVFXELHUWRHVFULWRUHV LQFUHtEOHVTXLHQHVVHLJQRUDQHQWUHVtSRUEDUUHUDVOLQJtVWLFDV TXHIHOL]PHQWHQRVRWURVQRWHQHPRV(VXQDOLWHUDWXUDFRQ PXFKDIXHU]DHVRVHYHHQHOFLQHGH.XVWXULFDLPSUHJQDGD GHXQ³UHDOLVPRPiJLFR´PX\VXLJHQHULV4XHGpGHVOXP EUDGRDXQTXHWXYHTXHWUDEDMDUGXURVRQSDtVHVGLItFLOHVSRU ORVRGLRVSURIXQGRV\ODYLROHQFLDODWHQWHSHURVHQWtXQDHV

(9)

SHFLHGH$PpULFD/DWLQDPHWLGDHQ(XURSDODUHJLyQGHORV %DOFDQHV$OEDQLD0DFHGRQLD%XOJDULD5XPDQLDWRGRVFRQ PX\EXHQDOLWHUDWXUDVXPDQGRRWUDVFXOWXUDVYHFLQDVFRPR ODVGH7XUTXtD\*UHFLD

$GH/O¢4XpRSLQDGHODVDFWXDOHVOLWHUDWXUDVLQ GtJHQDV HVFULWDV HQ VXV SURSLRV LGLRPDV" ¢&yPR HYDO~D ODV OLWHUDWXUDV TXH VH KDQ RFXSDGR GH WH PiWLFDV DXWyFWRQDV GHVGH GLIHUHQWHV SRpWLFDV \ UH WyULFDV"

)$1RFRQR]FRHQSURIXQGLGDGODSURGXFFLyQHQOHQ JXDVLQGtJHQDVSHURFXDQGRWUDEDMDEDHQ81(6&2D\XGD PRVDXQSUR\HFWRGHOQDKXDWOQRGHOKLVWyULFRSUHKLVSiQLFR VLQRGHOTXHVHHVFULEHDKRUDHQ0p[LFR1RVpKDVWDGRQGH KD\XQDOLWHUDWXUDDXWpQWLFDTXHQRVHDXQSRFRIRONORUL]DGD RpWQLFDFRPRVHDFRVWXPEUDDOODPDUODKR\6pTXHHQ0p[L FRHVWiYLYRHOSURFHVR(VWDQGLItFLOODUHODFLyQFRQODVFXO WXUDVRULJLQDULDVHQ81(6&2HQXQWLHPSRSDUHFtDTXHVH WRPDEDQSRVWXUDVSDWHUQDOLVWDVD\XGDQGRSHUROXHJRVHIXH IRPHQWDQGRXQFLHUWRH[RWLVPRTXHTXL]iWDPSRFRHVORTXH ODJHQWHQHFHVLWD$PtPHKDLQWHUHVDGRPXFKRODOLWHUDWXUD GH-RVp0DUtD$UJXHGDVSRUTXHPiVTXHGHVFULELUGHDIXH UDFRPRKDFtDQORVLQGLJHQLVWDVHVXQDOLWHUDWXUDSODQWHDGD GHVGHDGHQWURFRPR(OVRQLGR\ODIXULDHOPXQGRFRQWDGR GHVGHODYLVLyQGHXQLGLRWDSRUTXHODOLWHUDWXUDQRWLHQHTXH VHUQHFHVDULDPHQWHREMHWLYD(QHO&DULEHDQJOyIRQRKDEtD DOJXQRVSRHWDVGHOHQJXDLQJOHVDXQRGHHOORVIXH3UHPLR 1REHO'HUHN:DOFRWWTXHVRQYRFHVDXWpQWLFDVSHURQRVRQ LQGtJHQDV+D\XQHVFULWRUTXHHV-RmR*XLPDUmHV5RVDTXH KL]RXQWUDEDMRH[WUDRUGLQDULRFRQODOHQJXD6XQRYHOD*UDQ

GH6HUWmR9HUHGDVHVXQDPDUDYLOOD\VLWXYLHUDTXHKDFHU

XQDDQWRORJtDGHFXHQWRVHQWUHORVGLH]PHMRUHVSRQGUtDHO FXHQWR³/DWHUFHUDRULOODGHOUtR´GHVXV3ULPHUDVKLVWRULDV

(10)

+R\HQGtDVHKDEODSRFRGHHVWHHVFULWRU<RWXYHODVXHUWH HQ8UXJXD\GHVHUGLVFtSXORSHUVRQDO\OXHJRDPLJRGH(PLU 5RGUtJXH]0RQHJDO\OHHUORTXHHVFULEtDWRGDVODVVHPDQDV

HQ0DUFKD(UDXQKRPEUHGHIURQWHUDSRURULJHQIDPLOLDU

FRQDLUHLQGLR³JXDSR´HQHOVHQWLGRHVSDxRO\GLIXQGLyPX FKRODOLWHUDWXUDEUDVLOHxDHQ8UXJXD\0HFULpGHPXFKDFKR DGROHVFHQWH\\DOHtDVXVFUyQLFDVHQ0DUFKDJUDFLDVDpO PLJHQHUDFLyQFRQRFLyD*UDFLOLDQR5DPRVD*XLPDUmHV5RVD \DRWURV

9DOODGROLGVHWLHPEUHGH

1RWDV

(VFULWRU \ HQVD\LVWD$XWRU GH QXPHURVRV HQVD\RV VREUH OLWHUDWXUD ODWL QRDPHULFDQD HQWUH ORV TXH ILJXUDQ /RV EXVFDGRUHV GH OD XWRStD

,GHQWLGDG FXOWXUDO GH ,EHURDPpULFD HQ VX QDUUDWLYD 1HFHVLGDG

GHODXWRStD'HOD(GDGGH2URD(O'RUDGR/DUHFRQV

WUXFFLyQGHODXWRStD'HOFDQRQDODSHULIHULDR3DVDUHODV/HWUDV

HQWUH GRV PXQGRV (VSDFLRV GHO LPDJLQDULR ODWLQRDPHULFDQR

1DUUDWLYD KLVSDQRDPHULFDQD GHO VLJOR ;; 'HO HVSDFLR YLYLGR DO

HVSDFLR GHO WH[WR5HHVFULELU HO SDVDGR +LVWRULD \ ILFFLyQ HQ

$PpULFD /DWLQD(VSDFLRV GH HQFXHQWUR \ PHGLDFLyQ \

(VSDFLROLWHUDULR\IURQWHUDVGHODLGHQWLGDG \'HOWRSRVDOORJRV

3URSXHVWDV GH JHRSRpWLFD (VSHFLDOLVWD HQ QDUUDWLYD XUXJXD\D KD

SXEOLFDGR/DV WUDPSDV GH 2QHWWL7LHPSR UHFRQTXLVWDGR

1XHYDV IURQWHUDV GH OD QDUUDWLYD XUXJXD\D (QFXHQ

WURV \ WUDQVJUHVLRQHV HQ OD OLWHUDWXUD XUXJXD\D

'HVXREUDGHFUHDFLyQGHVWDFDQ(QODRULOOD&RQFLHUWRDVRPEUR

R&RQ DFHQWR H[WUDQMHUR \ ORV OLEURV GH FXHQWRV/DV SDOR

PDV GH 5RGULJR R/RV QDXIUDJLRV GH 0DOLQRY$OJXQDV GH

VXVREUDVGHILFFLyQ±ODQRYHOD(OSDUDtVRGHODUHLQD0DUtD-XOLD± \ HO OLEUR GH DIRULVPRV \ WH[WRV EUHYHV7UDYHVtDV -XHJRV D OD

GLVWDQFLD (GLFLRQHV /LWRUDO ± KDQ PHUHFLGR SUHPLRV QDFLRQDOHV H

LQWHUQDFLRQDOHV HQ$UJHQWLQD 0p[LFR (VSDxD )UDQFLD \ 8UXJXD\ \ VXV UHODWRV ILJXUDQ HQ YDULDV DQWRORJtDV GHO FXHQWR KLVSDQRDPHULFDQRV$FDED GH SXEOLFDU VX SULPHU OLEUR GH SRHVtD$SUHQGL]DMHV WDUGtRV (V

(11)

\ GH 9HQH]XHOD +D WUDEDMDGR HQ OD 8QHVFR 3DUtV HQWUH \ GRQGH IXH GLUHFWRU OLWHUDULR GH (GLFLRQHV 8QHVFR

(Q OD DFWXDOLGDG UHVLGH HQWUH =DUDJR]D \ 2OLHWH 7HUXHO FRQVDJUDGR D OD HVFULWXUD \ D GLYHUVDV DFWLYLGDGHV HGLWRULDOHV \ GRFHQWHV

(VWD HQWUHYLVWD WXYR OXJDU HQ 9DOODGROLG (VSDxD FRQ PRWLYR GHO 9,, &RQJUHVR ,QWHUQDFLRQDO GH OD$((/+ HO GH VHWLHPEUH GH HQ OD )DFXOWDGGH)LORVRItD\/HWUDVGHOD8QLYHUVLGDGGH9DOODGROLG

(VWDIUDVHHVHOVXEWtWXORGHXQOLEURGH)HUQDQGR$tQVDSXEOLFDGRHQ

SRU OD 8QLYHUVLGDG GH =DUDJR]D 1DUUDWLYD KLVSDQRDPHULFDQD GHO VLJOR

;; 'HO HVSDFLR YLYLGR DO HVSDFLR GHO WH[WR =DUDJR]D 3UHQVDV 8QLYHUVL

WDULDV GH =DUDJR]D

Referencias

Documento similar

PXHVWUD HO GHVJORVH SURJUHVLYR GH ORV IDFWRUHV R PHGLRV

ODV KRMDV GH LQVWUXFFLyQ TXH IXHURQ HQWUHJDGDV D ORV RILFLDOHV

PHWDOHV FDGD YH] TXH VH LQFUHPHQWD OD VXSHUILFLH GHO HOHFWURGR GH 59&amp;. 7DPELpQVHREVHUYDTXHODHILFLHQFLDGHFRUULHQWHφ

DÀUPDU FRQ SOHQD FRQFLHQFLD GH OR TXH GLJR TXH QLQJXQR GH ORV FRQVLGHUD. 

HQWUH ODV IXQFLRQHV GH ORV SODQLÀFDGRUHV \ ORV FRPSUDGRUHV GHO PHGLR

frqvwlwx|ìqgrvh hq xqd slh}d fodyh sdud odv srvwhulruhv wduhdv hq ho ghvduuroor gh vriwzduh1 Orv pìwrgrv irupdohv grwdq gh suhflvlöq | uljru do prghor frqfhswxdo/ shur

(Q FRQWUDVWH ORV FOLHQWHV \ VHUYLGRUHV TXH XVDQ 8'3 VH FDUDFWHUL]DQ SRU QR WHQHU JDUDQWtDV VREUH OD ILDELOLGDG GH OD HQWUHJD &amp;XDQGR XQ FOLHQWH HQYtD

/R SULPHUR TXH KDFH GHQWUR GHO FRQVWUXFWRU HV DVLJQDU ORV SDUiPHWURV GH  HQWUDGDDYDULDEOHVGHODFODVH.