Partido Constitucional - Historia de Nuestro Tiempo

By Lord Holmen and Richard Watts, „Corporate Social Responsibility is the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large‟. The Government of India in 1976 had inserted the term “socialist” in the preamble of country's constitution thereby committing itself to ensuring a development process. But, post liberalization (1991) can be seen in the context of the larger role being consciously carved for the private sector in an economy which was earlier largely controlled and managed by the State. Now, increasing acceptance of CSR by large number of corporate. The idea of CSR first came up in 1953 when it became an academic topic in Howard R Bowen‟s “Social Responsibilities of the Business” book. World Business Council for Sustainable Development defined CSR as “the continuing commitment by business to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while

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improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families as well as of the local community and society at large.”

BRIEF HISTORY OF CSR IN INDIA : Atharvana Veda says that “one should procure wealth with one hundred hands and distribute it with one thousand hands”. The Yajurveda says that “enjoy riches with detachment, do not cling to them because the riches belong to the public, they are not yours alone”. In the Rig Veda, there is also a mention of the “need for the wealthy to plant trees and build tanks for the community as it would bring them glory in life and beyond. “Let us walk together, Let us talk together, Let our heart vibrate together”. KautiIya also “emphasized ethical practices and principles while conducting business”.

CSR& Religions: Islam had a law called Zakaat which ruled that a portion of one‟s earning must be shared with the poor in the form of donation. Similar to Islam‟s Zakaat, Sikhs followed what they called Daashaant.

India`s new Companies Act-2013 has introduced several new provisions which change the face of Indian corporate business" Companies Act 2013 (Companies Act) has introduced several new provisions which change the face of Indian corporate business. One of such new provisions is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The concept of CSR rests on the ideology of give and take. Companies take resources in the form of raw materials, human resources etc from the society. By performing the task of CSR activities, the companies are giving something back to the society.

Ministry of Corporate Affairs has recently notified Section 135 and Schedule VII of the Companies Act as well as the provisions of the company‟s Corporate Social Responsibility Policy, rule which has come into effect from 1 April 2014. In the current scenario in India, the new companies mandates the corporate to spend 2% of their average net profits of the last three financial years towards CSR. This is applicable for companies with a turnover of 1000 Cr/ PAT of 5 Cr/ or net worth of 500 cr. The new bill replaces the Companies act 1956 and emphasizes carrying forward the agenda of Corporate Social Responsibility.

SIGNIFICATION OF CSR :CSR helps in strengthening the relationship between companies and stakeholders. It enables continuous improvement and encourages innovations. Every company‟s tring to attracts the best industry talent as a socially responsible company. Provides additional motivation to employees. Enhances ability to manage stakeholder expectations and take care for all Stakeholders. Ethical functioning and respect for Workers' Rights and Welfare also. Main significance of CSR is that respect for

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Human Rights, respect for Environment and plan activities for Social and Inclusive Development of society.

Applicability: Section 135 of the Companies Act provides the threshold limit for applicability of the CSR to a Company i.e. (a) net worth of the company to be Rs 500 crore or more; (b) turnover of the company to be Rs 1000 crore or more; (c) net profit of the company to be Rs 5 crore or more. Further as per the CSR Rules, the provisions of CSR are not only applicable to Indian companies, but also applicable to branch and project offices of a foreign company in India.

CSR Committee and Policy: Every qualifying company requires spending of at least 2% of its average net profit for the immediately preceding 3 financial years on CSR activities. Further, the qualifying company will be required to constitute a committee (CSR Committee) of the Board of Directors (Board) consisting of 3 or more directors. The CSR Committee shall formulate and recommend to the Board, a policy which shall indicate the activities to be undertaken (CSR Policy); recommend the amount of expenditure to be incurred on the activities referred and monitor the CSR Policy of the company. The Board shall take into account the recommendations made by the CSR Committee and approve the CSR Policy of the company.

DEFINITION OF THE TERM CSR: The broadest definition of corporate social responsibility is concerned with what is – or should be – the relationship between global corporations, governments of countries and individual citizens. More locally the definition is concerned with the relationship between a corporation and the local society in which it resides or operates. Another definition is concerned with the relationship between a corporation and its stakeholders.

The term CSR has been defined under the CSR Rules which includes but is not limited to:  Projects or programs relating to activities specified in the Schedule; or

 Projects or programs relating to activities undertaken by the Board in pursuance of recommendations of the CSR Committee as per the declared CSR policy subject to the condition that such policy covers subjects enumerated in the Schedule.

This definition of CSR assumes significance as it allows companies to engage in projects or programs relating to activities enlisted under the Schedule. Flexibility is also permitted to the companies by allowing them to choose their preferred CSR engagements that are in conformity with the CSR policy.

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ACTIVITIES UNDER CSR: The activities that can be done by the company to achieve its CSR obligations include eradicating extreme hunger and poverty, promotion of education, promoting gender equality and empowering women, reducing child mortality and improving maternal health, combating human immunodeficiency virus, acquired, immune deficiency syndrome, malaria and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability, employment enhancing vocational skills, social business projects, contribution to the Prime Minister's National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by the Central Government or the State Governments for socio-economic development and relief and funds for the welfare of the Scheduled Castes, the Scheduled Tribes, other backward classes, minorities and women and such other matters as may be prescribed.

The company make the annual report of CSR activities in which they mention the average net profit for the 3 financial years and also prescribed CSR expenditure but if the company is unable to spend the minimum required expenditure the company has to give the reasons in the Board Report for non compliance so that there are no penal provisions are attracted by it. PROBLEMS OF INDIAN EDUCATION SYSTEM: The following are some prominent problems of Indian education system that legging it behind.

Poor Education System-The maximum area of India is covered by the rural areas. In rural areas, more than 50% of the population is young and children, who are in dire need of education for their bright future. These children and youngster are future of the county. In such a situation, due to lack of good schools, they are not getting a good education. For education, the people have to send their children away from home to a city. Those who have good economic status do so, but 50% of the people cannot send their children for education to the city because of their bad financial condition. To come out from this problem, the necessary action must be taken by the government of India.Apart from this, there are some problems that keep children away from the good education.

• Lack of good schools. • Lack of skilled teachers.

• Lack of teacher‟s good performance and deep motivation. • Lack of dedication for teaching to the children.

• Lack of infrastructures like the facility of drinking water, functional toilets and separate toilets for girls.

• Lack of valuable lessons.

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• Non-teaching duties.

• Poor maintenance of the government schools.

Expensive Higher Education A very small amount of subsidy is provided in higher education, so if a student wants to obtain higher education then he comes out automatically from the admission due to poverty or lack of financial resources

Infrastructure in Education Institutes The infrastructure in Indian educational system is completely poor, which does not meet the needs of the students. Even today, the maximum schools are not in line with the full set of RTE Infrastructure Indicators . The lack the convenience of drinking water, lack of functional normal toilets

Gender Disparities Even after growing in the world, gender disparities are seen in India even today, especially in the field of education. Traditional Indian society follows various forms of discrimination, so there are many obstacles in the education of non-recognized sections of the society such as women, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and minorities. Gender disparities are mostly seen. There are many backward areas where teachers also discriminate. These kinds of inequalities create a lack of encouragement in the students. Therefore they are unable to show their natural talent.

Insufficient Government Grants and Funding Providing the sufficient fund amount for all A very small amount for the schools and colleges. Therefore, the education institutions are not able to develop completely according to current requirements of the students. Due to lack of adequate funding, education institutions are not able to meet the needs of students, which affects their performance.

Medium of Education This is also a major problem that needs to be addressed. We are not able to make a decision on the basis of our education system. Nevertheless, the emphasis is given on English where most of the children are not able to understand this language. So how will they understand what the teachers are teaching? Therefore, it may be wrong to put more emphasis on English.

Missing Innovation and Creation If we talk about privileged children in India then they are not able to do something innovative and creative, while they are packed with the quality due to lack of helping hand from the authority. On another side some are getting these facilities but are not creative and demand for western culture. This is also coming as a fundamental problem in our education system.

Limited Seats A major problem in Indian education system that there are limited seats in colleges and universities, which increases the level of competition due to that most of the

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students are deprived to get higher education in their desired university. As a result, either they leave studies or they have to choose an option which does not add value in their future SOME CASES OF CSR

Reliance Industries Ltd

Project Details:Scholarships, Community Development, Reliance University, Initiatives Digitization of education initiative, Education – Partnerships, Education- at manufacturing locations.

Implementation By: Reliance Foundation Amount spent: INR 215 Cr

Location: Across India

For Reliance, education and skill development are the cornerstones of a progressive society and it has continuously provided quality education.

Reliance seeks to provide quality education, training and skill enhancement to improve the quality of living and livelihood. The Company focuses on promoting primary and secondary education, enabling higher education through scholarships, promoting higher education through setting up and supporting universities and skill development through vocational training.

a. Dhirubhai Ambani Scholarship Programme

The Dhirubhai Ambani Scholarship (DAS) Programme aims to fulfill late Shri Dhirubhai Ambani‟s vision of providing opportunities to the youth and empowering them towards becoming future leaders.

b. Reliance Dhirubhai Ambani Protsaham Scheme

Reliance Dhirubhai Ambani Protsaham Scheme supports financially poor and meritorious students (Class X pass-outs).

c. Education For Specially-Abled Children

Reliance has set up an Early Intervention and Rehabilitation Centre in Thallarevu, Andhra Pradesh to facilitate and enhance the development process of children with speech and hearing impairment.

Estimated Impact: 687 meritorious students were given scholarships to pursue higher studies (over 12,000 since inception). Quality education was provided to 85,000 students through six „Education for All‟ NGOs (70,000 students and 13 Reliance Foundation Schools (15,000 students). Student from marginalised communities got access to better education and

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skill development. 687 meritorious students were given scholarships to pursue higher studies (over 12,000 since beginning).

Wipro Ltd.

Project Details: Education and Community

Implementation By: Vikramshila Education Resource Society, Shikshamitra, Shiksharth, Digantar Khelkud Evam Shiksha Samiti, Digantar Khelkud Evam Shiksha Samiti, Olcott Education Society, Community Educational Centre Society (CECS), Door Step School (DSS), IIM Bengaluru, IIM Ahmedabad, IIM Ahmedabad, V-Excel Education Trust.

Amount spent: INR 108.13 Cr Location: Across India

Wipro Education:

Engineering education- Wipro Academy of Software Excellence (WASE) program. The Wipro Academy of Software Excellence (WASE) program helps Science graduates to study for a Master‟s degree in Software Engineering (M. Tech) run in partnership with the Birla Institute of Technology & Science (BITS), Pilani, India, and this unique program blends rigorous academic exposure with practical professional learning at the workplace. There is a program called WISTA in collaboration with Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT) for science graduates without a mathematics background. Wipro has supported and enabled more than 25000 students to graduate from the WASE and WISTA programs with an MS degree in Software Engineering. During 2015-16, the total number of new entrants into the two programs was 1810 while the aggregate strength across four years was 13805.

Mission10X

Mission10X is a not-for-profit initiative of Wipro Limited which was started on September 5, 2007 towards enhancing the employability skills of engineering students by building capacity of engineering education infrastructure. The first phase of Mission10X focused on training teachers on pedagogy while the second phase has focused on “SMALLER and DEEPER Engagement” philosophy where a set of selected Engineering colleges have been given a deeper educational interventions.

Wipro‟s increased participation reach to 2,000 schools, 1,500 colleges and 2,200 teachers in 45 districts across 21 states.

Estimated Impact:

Wipro Applying Thought in Schools supported 113 projects so far and associated with 69 organizations at different levels.

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Wipro-earthian (Sustainability programme for school and college) benefited of over 3,000 schools and colleges.

Bajaj Auto Ltd.

Project Details: Financial support to educational institute infrastructure. Implementation By: Directly (in collaboration with college/ schools) Amount spent: INR 75.84 Cr

Location: Maharashtra

Bajaj Auto spent part of their CSR funds on up gradation and construction building in educational sector. More than 20 activities were conducted by Bajaj auto in educational sector.

Few of major activities are enlisted here,

a. Up gradation of the Mechanical Engineering building (College of engineering Pune). b. Expanded the Pune public school building by 8 classrooms.

c. Constructed administrative building for Nagpur University d. Upgraded the schools in PCMC area (Pune)

e. Constructed building for school, research laboratory and Library at Aurangabad Police Public School.

Estimated Impact: Improved the poor condition and infrastructure of educational institutes. Samsung India Electronics Pvt Ltd

Project Details: Smart Class, Samsung Technical School, Digital Academy Implementation By: Direct (On site implementation undertaken by agency) Amount spent: INR 50.51 Cr

Location:

1. Smart Class: Across India

2. Samsung Technical School: Industrial Training Institute at Patna, Jaipur, Cochin. 3. Digital Academy: IITs at Delhi, Kanpur and Hyderabad.

Samsung India is at the forefront of empowering India‟s youth with education through technology. Today, Samsung Smart Class present in Navodaya Vidyalaya across rural India. Each Samsung Smart Class consists of the latest audio-visual tools, like Samsung Tablets (41 tabs per class), interactive smart board, printer and other devices. These classes also have learning apps for Computer Science, Mathematics, English and Science. These latest technology tools help students to learn complicated concepts easily. Samsung Smart Class also enables teachers in retaining the students‟ attention due to this modern and interactive

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learning environment. Samsung technical schools across the country established to provide hands-on industry training.

Estimated Impact:

Samsung smart class reached 398 Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya across rural India and more than 2 lakh students has been introduced to modern learning through this initiative.

Infosys Ltd

Project Details: Helping hand to distant school, Nurturing higher education, Build better and learned India.

Implementation By: Infosys Foundation Amount spent: INR 43.6 Cr

Location: Across India

In 2015, Infosys foundation renovated seven schools in Arunachal Pradesh and two schools in Assam. Infosys foundation has partnered with number of academic institution across India to institute chair professorship. For supporting higher education Infosys launched TFI fellowship.

Estimated Impact:

• Renovation of school directly benefited at least 3000 students and staff.

• Under the objective of promote excellence foundation across eight academic institute • TFI fellowship programme for higher education befitted more than 1000 students. Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd.

Project Details: Promoting education

Implementation By: Through various Implementing agencies like (K. C. Mahindra Education Trust & Naandi Foundation, Children's Movement for Civic Awareness, Myrada, Centre for Human Empowerment through Education Related Services and ESOPs, J C Mahindra Memorial School and others )

Amount spent: INR 33.41Cr Location: Across India

Mahindra and Mahindra implemented number of CSR projects in education sector. Projects are like Mahindra Scholarships for students, research projects of the Indian council on global relations, Providing infrastructure, Mahindra Saarthi Abhiyaan, Undergraduate engineering students are provided with a platform in the form of a project that allows hands on experience in all aspects of automobile engineering, Supporting 28 English medium, Quality education provided to underprivileged children.

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Estimated Impact:

 Provided education to population from socially and economically disadvantaged communities,

 Provided a variety of scholarship programs, which range from providing opportunities to low income group families

ITC Ltd.( Indian Tobacco Company Limited )

Project Details: Education (Creating Future Capabilities) Implementation By: ITC Education Trust

Amount spent: INR 23.25 Cr Location: Across India

ITC's Primary Education Programme addressed the lack of quality primary education in rural communities. Aiming to strengthen the government primary schools' vast network by stemming drop-outs, increasing enrolments and improving learning outcomes, the

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