Qué aporta la metodología “Design Thinking”

Vladimír NESVADBA – Zděnka POLONČÍKOVÁ – Alena HENYCHOVÁ

Plant genetic resources (PGR) in the Czech Republic are supported by the “National programme for conservation and utilization of genetic resources of plants, animals and micro-organisms important for food and agriculture.” The National programme (NP) is financed by the Czech Ministry of Agriculture. The Hop Research Institute, Co., Ltd. in Žatec, as the hop collection holder, is responsible for the preservation of the hop PGR collection. The work with PGR collections follows the Framework Methodology of the National Programme. The coordinator of the PGR institution network is the Research Institute of Crop Production (RICP) Prague. Advisory body of the NP is the Board for PGR in CR.

Acquisition of hop genetic resources and maintainance in a collection

1. Registered hop cultivars. All Czech registered hop cultivars are included in the collection. Foreign hop cultivars are obtained either from foreign collections or from breeding institutions abroad.

2. Breeding material. Only genetically interesting material is placed into the collection (accessions-donors of genetic features characterizing wide genetic biodiversity, genetic abnormalities, original landraces, etc.).

3. Wild hop samples. Wild hop accessions typical for individual localities (natural selection under typical conditions) originating in CR or abroad, characterizing wide biodiversity are included into the collection. Donors of important features, genetic abnormalities, etc. can be found as well. Wild hops are obtained either from expeditions or from mutual exchange from foreign institutions.

All the obtained samples are implanted into the collection immediately (registered cultivars, genetically verified breeding material, important wild hops, etc.) or they are kept in a working collection (wild hops evaluated at the original locality, wild hops tested in a hop garden before its acquisition into the collection, etc.). This system prevents duplication of genetically coincident materials. The value of the collection consists in wide genetic biodiversity, historically original regional hop cultivars and wild hops, but not in a high quantity of material. Therefore only genetically important and interesting genotypes are included into this collection.

Documentation and evaluation of genetic resources

The whole hop collection is documented in the national catalogue of PGR called EVIGEZ which contains passport and characterization/evaluation parts. Each accession has its own unique national identification number. Basic data (accession name, its origin, donor, breeding method, ploidy, information concerning expedition in the case of wild hops, etc.) is documented in the passport part. Characterization/evaluation data is obtained during the evaluation process of hop collection. This data characterizes each accession in detail and is obtained as the results of field and laboratory tests.

Characterization and evaluation follows the valid certified methodology. New accessions are multiplied and planted in fourreplications, each of them contains eight hop plants. They are evaluated at least for five years. Results of laboratory analyses and field experiments are transferred into point values (scale 1-9) according to the descriptor list for hop and written down in the EVIGEZ computer programme. The descriptor list contains seventy-one traits divided into four groups: morphological, biological, economic and additional. After finishing the evaluations three replications are removed and only one remains in the field collection as a deposit – field gene bank. Selected genotypes of this deposit (important cultivars, genotypes as donors, etc.) are further evaluated for their productivity.

Utilization

The use of molecular methods was successfully introduced to hop breeding and management in our country. We applied these methods for the identification and determination of varieties and new promising breeding materials as well, for control of authenticity and purity of varieties in the multipropagation cycle, for the identification of somaclonal variability and genetic stability and for study of genetic diversity in genotypes from all around the world. All samples are photodocumentary – transverse section of cone and leaves.

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1. Concerning the uUtilization of this material there are 4 possibilities (?)Freely available information about all hop GR. Passport data are shown on the web page: http://genbank.vurv.cz/genetic/resources/ . 2. Utilization of individual accessions for research purposes (research projects). Utilization of plants for the

establishment of field trials, hop cones for chemical analyses, experimental brews and parts of plants for the isolation of DNA for DNA research.

3. Utilization for hop breeding.At first for hop crossing and comparison of productivity of foreign cultivars with perspective respective genotypes.

4. Distribution of samples. Planting material is exchanged according to the level of availability (Y – freely available, L – limited availability, depending on the agreement of cultivar owner, N – not available). All the samples obtained from abroad are designated as L (level N is used on the base of written application only). Dry cones are distributed for research objectives without any limitation.

All the obtained and distributed samples are submitted to the legal guarantees of Czech and international laws and agreements. That means, samples of hop GR are exchanged free of charge for research or educational purposes only. It is not allowed to multiply hop GR for commercial utilization.

Cooperation

Hop Research Institute, Co. Ltd. in Žatec has at current no international cooperation. Therefore we are looking for suitable partners to establish a working group. The objective of this group would be the following tasks: to create an international hop database, to exchange samples, to establish partly safety duplications of collections, to conduct international projects, to make expeditions aiming at the collection of wild hops, etc.

Acknowledgements: The PGR collection of hop is supported by the Czech Ministry of Agriculture

within “National programme for conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources and biodiversity.”(MZe 33083/03-300 6.2.1.).

Address:

Vladimír NESVADBA, Zděnka POLONČÍKOVÁ, Alena HENYCHOVÁ, Kadaňská 2525, 43846 Žatec, Česká republika, [email protected]

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VARIABILITY OF WILD HOPS (HUMULUS LUPULUS L.) FROM THE