Recibido: 06 junio 2012; aceptado: 04 diciembre 2012
Biodiversidad de Megaloptera y Raphidioptera en México
Biodiversity of Megaloptera and Raphidoptera in Mexico
Atilano Contreras-Ramos1 y María V. Rosas2
1Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-153, 04510 México, D. F., México. 2Instituto Profesional de la Región Sur, Campus Sur, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. 18 de Marzo 617, 62900 Jojutla, Morelos, México.
Resumen. 1HXURSWHULGD HV XQ WD[yQ PRQR¿OpWLFR FRQIRUPDGR SRU ORV yUGHQHV 0HJDORSWHUD 5DSKLGLRSWHUD \ 1HXURSWHUD(QHVWDFRQWULEXFLyQVHSUHVHQWDODGLYHUVLGDGGH0HJDORSWHUD\5DSKLGLRSWHUDHQ0p[LFRORVyUGHQHV GHPHQRUGLYHUVLGDGGHQWURGH1HXURSWHULGD$OJXQRVPHJDOySWHURVDOFDQ]DQXQDHQYHUJDGXUDDODUGHFDVLFP\ SRVHHQPDQGtEXODVPRGL¿FDGDVDPDQHUDGHFROPLOORHQORVPDFKRV([LVWHQSRFRPiVGHHVSHFLHVGHVFULWDVHQ HOPXQGR(Q0p[LFRVHHQFXHQWUDQGLVWULEXLGDVHVSHFLHVLQFOXLGDVHQJpQHURVHQODVIDPLOLDV&RU\GDOLGDH\ 6LDOLGDHORFXDOUHSUHVHQWDHOGHODIDXQDPXQGLDO/DVHVSHFLHVGH5DSKLGLRSWHUDVHFDUDFWHUL]DQSRUSRVHHUXQ ODUJRSURWyUD[DODVKLDOLQDVFRQXQPDUFDGRSWHURVWLJPDDVtFRPRXQODUJRRYLSRVLWRUHQODVKHPEUDV6HFRQVLGHUDXQ JUXSRUHOLFWRFRQVyORHVSHFLHVHQHOPXQGRHQODVIDPLOLDV,QRFHOOLLGDH\5DSKLGLLGDH(Q0p[LFRVHHQFXHQWUDQ HVSHFLHVGHVFULWDVGHJpQHURVHQDPEDVIDPLOLDVORFXDOUHSUHVHQWDHOGHODIDXQDPXQGLDO/DVHVSHFLHV GHORUGHQSDUHFHQQHFHVLWDUXQSHULRGRGHEDMDWHPSHUDWXUDSDUDFRPSOHWDUVXFLFORGHYLGDORFXDOSRGUtDH[SOLFDUOD DXVHQFLDGHUD¿GLySWHURVHQ]RQDVWURSLFDOHV
3DODEUDVFODYH1HXURSWHULGD&RU\GDOLGDH6LDOLGDH,QRFHOOLLGDH5DSKLGLLGDH
Abstract.1HXURSWHULGDLVDPRQRSK\OHWLFWD[RQFRPSRVHGRIWKHRUGHUV0HJDORSWHUDGREVRQÀLHVDQGDOGHUÀLHV 5DSKLGLRSWHUDVQDNHÀLHVDQG1HXURSWHUDODFHZLQJV7KLVFRQWULEXWLRQSUHVHQWVWKHGLYHUVLW\RI0HJDORSWHUDDQG 5DSKLGLRSWHUDLQ0H[LFRWKHORZHUGLYHUVLW\RUGHUVZLWKLQ1HXURSWHULGD6RPHGREVRQÀLHVUHDFKDZLQJVSDQRIDOPRVW FPDQGSRVVHVWXVNOLNHPRGL¿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ÀLHVLQWURSLFDODUHDV
WHQHU XQD HQYHUJDGXUD DODU GH FDVL FP PLHQWUDV TXH los adultos de Platyneuromus HQ SDUWLFXODU ORV PDFKRV SRVHHQ H[SDQVLRQHV GH OD FDEH]D SRVWHULRUHV D ORV RMRV TXHOHVGDQXQDVSHFWRH[WUDxR\TXHDOSDUHFHUWDPELpQ LQFUHPHQWDQVXWDPDxRHQIXQFLyQGHODWDOODGHOLQGLYLGXR &RQWUHUDV5DPRV
/D FDEH]D HQ ORV PHJDOySWHURV HV JHQHUDOPHQWH DSODQDGD FRQ XQ GHVDUUROOR YDULDEOH GH ORV PiUJHQHV SRVWRFXODUHV GHO FUiQHR \ FRQ XQD HVSLQD SRVWRFXODU *ORULRVR 6XV DODV SRVHHQ ODV SULQFLSDOHV YHQDV ORQJLWXGLQDOHV\PXFKDVWUDQVYHUVDOHV6HGLVWLQJXHQSRU SRVHHUXQPDUJHQDQDODPSOLRHOFXDOVHGREODDOWHQHUODV HQUHSRVRVREUHHOFXHUSR/RVPDFKRVFDUHFHQGHyUJDQR LQWURPLWHQWH HQ VX OXJDU UHFXUUHQ D XQ HVSHUPDWyIRUR EODQGRTXHHVWUDQVIHULGRDODKHPEUD&RQWUHUDV5DPRV /DPRUIRORJtDJHQLWDOPDVFXOLQDLQFOX\HSDUHVGH .H\ZRUGV1HXURSWHULGD&RU\GDOLGDH6LDOLGDH
,QRFHOOLLGDH5DSKLGLLGDH
Introducción
Megaloptera. (O RUGHQ 0HJDORSWHUD HV FRQVLGHUDGR XQR GHORVPiVSULPLWLYRVHQWUHORVyUGHQHVKRORPHWiERORV\ FRQIRUPDMXQWRFRQ5DSKLGLRSWHUD\1HXURSWHUDHOJUXSR QDWXUDO1HXURSWHULGD.ULVWHQVHQ:LQWHUWRQHWDO /RV PHJDOySWHURV DGXOWRV SXHGHQ VHU LQVHFWRV HVSHFWDFXODUHV/RVPDFKRVGHOJpQHURCorydalus poseen PDQGtEXODV PRGL¿FDGDV D PDQHUD GH FROPLOOR TXH DXPHQWDQVXORQJLWXGHQIXQFLyQGHOWDPDxRGHOLQGLYLGXR $OJXQDV HVSHFLHV FRPR Corydalus magnus OOHJDQ D
DSpQGLFHVFRQVSLFXRVORVQRYHQRVJRQRVWLORVYHQWUDOHV \ ORV GpFLPRV WHUJXLWRV GRUVDOHV OR FXDOHV SXHGHQ VHU EDVWDQWH XQLIRUPHV HQWUH HVSHFLHV (VWR SDUHFH LQGLFDU EDMDVHOHFFLyQVH[XDOSRUODVKHPEUDV1RREVWDQWHKD\ TXH FRQVLGHUDU TXH HQCorydalus ORV PDFKRV PXHVWUDQ KLSHUWUR¿D PDQGLEXODU FRQ DORPHWUtD TXH SRGUtD UHÀHMDU VHOHFFLyQVH[XDOSRUDQWDJRQLVPRHQWUHPDFKRV&RQWUHUDV 5DPRV
/DVODUYDVSXHGHQDOFDQ]DUKDVWDFPGHORQJLWXGHQ VXPDGXUH]6HFDUDFWHUL]DQSRUSRVHHUGHD¿ODPHQWRV ODWHUDOHV DEGRPLQDOHV /DV ODUYDV GH FLHUWRV FRULGiOLGRV SRVHHQUDFLPRVGHEUDQTXLDVWUDTXHDOHVEDMRORV¿ODPHQWRV $GHPiVGH¿ODPHQWRVODWHUDOHV\EUDQTXLDVWUDTXHDOHVODV ODUYDVSUHVHQWDQHVSLUiFXORVSDUDHOLQWHUFDPELRJDVHRVR D SDUWLU GH DLUH DWPRVIpULFR OR FXDO OHV FRQ¿HUH PD\RU UHVLVWHQFLDDODGHVHFDFLyQWHPSRUDOGHOKiELWDW/DSXSD GH0HJDORSWHUDHVWHUUHVWUHpVWDVXUJHGHXQDODUYDTXH DEDQGRQDHOPHGLRDFXiWLFR\QRVHDOLPHQWDODSUHSXSD TXH FRQVWUX\H XQD FiPDUD SXSDO FHUFD GHO DJXD EDMR XQ VXEVWUDWR FRPR XQD SLHGUD /D SXSD SRVHH PDQGtEXODV FRQVSLFXDV\IXQFLRQDOHVSRUORFXDOHVFDSD]GHPRUGHU HQVXGHIHQVD&RQWUHUDV5DPRV
/DV HVSHFLHV GH 0HJDORSWHUD SDVDQ HO HVWDGR ODUYDO HQHOPHGLRDFXiWLFR(Q0p[LFRWRGDVODVHVSHFLHVHVWiQ DVRFLDGDV D DPELHQWHV OyWLFRV JHQHUDOPHQWH HQ EXHQD R H[FHOHQWHFRQGLFLyQHFROyJLFDQXODREDMDFRQWDPLQDFLyQ EXHQDR[LJHQDFLyQGHODJXD'LFKRVDPELHQWHVYDQGHVGH SHTXHxRV DUUR\RV LQWHUPLWHQWHV HQ ]RQDV iULGDV KDVWD DUUR\RVGHPRQWDxDHQ]RQDVERVFRVDV\UtRVFDXGDORVRV HQ ODWLWXGHV WURSLFDOHV /DV ODUYDV GH 6LDOLGDH SUH¿HUHQ VHGLPHQWRV VXDYHV FRQ GHWULWR HQ ]RQDV GH UHPDQVR GH ODV FRUULHQWHV GRQGH VH DOLPHQWDQ GH SUHVDV SHTXHxDV FRPRODUYDVGHLQVHFWRV\DQpOLGRV)OLQWHWDO/DV ODUYDVGH&RU\GDOLGDHSXHGHQHVWDUHQ]RQDVGHUiSLGRV HQKRMDUDVFD\HQRWURVVXEVWUDWRVFRPRWURQFRVRPXVJR &RQWUHUDV5DPRV /RVDGXOWRVVRQGHKiELWRVQRFWXUQRVQRVHDOLPHQWDQ \WLHQHQXQYXHORUHODWLYDPHQWHOHQWR&RQWUHUDV5DPRV DXQTXH SXHGHQ UHFRUUHU GLVWDQFLDV DPSOLDV 'HVSXpVGHODFySXODODVKHPEUDVEXVFDQXQVXEVWUDWR DGHFXDGR FRPR XQD SDUHG URFRVD SRU GRQGH FRUUH XQ UtR R XQ WURQFR X KRMDV GH UDPDV TXH TXHGDQ VREUH HO DJXD GRQGH RYLSRVLWDQ PDVDV GH KXHYRV EODQTXHFLQDV GHWDPDxRFHUFDQRDOGHXQDPRQHGD&RQWUHUDV5DPRV $O HPHUJHU ODV ODUYDV GH SULPHU HVWDGLR FDHQ DO DJXD GRQGH SDVDQ XQ SHULRGR GH GHVDUUROOR TXH HQ QXHVWUR SDtV SUREDEOHPHQWH VHD GH DxR &RQWUHUDV 5DPRV/DVODUYDVVRQGHSUHGDGRUDVJHQHUDOLVWDV\ DOPHQRVHQFDXWLYHULRWDPELpQVHDOLPHQWDQGHFDUURxD $OWpUPLQRGHVXGHVDUUROORODVODUYDVGH~OWLPRHVWDGLR R SUHSXSDV DEDQGRQDQ HO PHGLR DFXiWLFR \ FRQVWUX\HQ XQD FHOGD EDMR XQD URFD R XQ WURQFR GRQGH PXGDQ \
VH FRQYLHUWHQ HQ SXSDV GpFWLFDV \ H[DUDGDV 'HVSXpV GH YDULRV GtDV HPHUJHQ ORV DGXOWRV ORV TXH SRVHHQ XQ SHULRGRGHYLGDUHODWLYDPHQWHFRUWRHQWUH\VHPDQDV \ QR VH DOLPHQWDQ DXQTXH Vt EHEHQ DJXD \ VROXFLRQHV GXOFHVHQFDXWLYHULR
3DUDODLGHQWL¿FDFLyQWD[RQyPLFDGHORVPHJDOySWHURV DGXOWRVGH0p[LFRSXHGHQXWLOL]DUVHORVWUDEDMRVGH3HQQ\ \)OLQW*ORULRVR\)OLQW\&RQWUHUDV5DPRV &RQWUHUDV5DPRV \ +DUULV DSRUWDURQXQDFODYHDJpQHURSDUDODVODUYDVGH0p[LFR Raphidioptera. /DV HVSHFLHV GHO RUGHQ 5DSKLGLRSWHUD VH FDUDFWHUL]DQSRUSRVHHUXQDFDEH]DSURJQDWDDSODQDGDXQ ODUJRSURWyUD[DPDQHUDGHFXHOORDODVKLDOLQDVVXELJXDOHV FRQXQPDUFDGRSWHURVWLJPDYHQDFLyQHQUHGDVtFRPR XQODUJRRYLSRVLWRUHQODVKHPEUDV$VS|FNHWDO $VS|FN\$VS|FN+DULQJHWDO/RVDGXOWRV VRQ GH WDPDxR PHGLR FRQ XQD ORQJLWXG GHO DOD DQWHULRU GHPP$VS|FN\$VS|FN5DSKLGLRSWHUDHV XQ SHTXHxR RUGHQ GH LQVHFWRV FRQ DSDULHQFLD GH IyVLOHV YLYLHQWHVSXHVVXVHVSHFLHVQRKDQFDPELDGRHQDSDULHQFLD GHVGHKDFHPLOORQHVGHDxRV$VS|FN\$VS|FN +DULQJHWDO5DSKLGLRSWHUDHVXQJUXSRXQLIRUPH HQ PRUIRORJtD JHQHUDO SHUR TXH SXHGH LGHQWL¿FDUVH VLQ SUREOHPD FRQ EDVH HQ OD JHQLWDOLD GH ORV PDFKRV TXH SURYHH FDUDFWHUHV ~WLOHV \ FRQ¿DEOHV $VS|FN \$VS|FN
/DSULPHUDUHYLVLyQGHODIDXQDGH0p[LFRIXHUHDOL]DGD SRU $VS|FN \ $VS|FN $VS|FN HODERUy XQ FDWiORJR GH HVSHFLHV GH 5DSKLGLRSWHUD GH $PpULFD $VS|FNHWDOHODERUDURQODPRQRJUDItDGHORUGHQ 5DSKLGLRSWHUDSDUDHOPXQGRFRQ¿JXUDVGHDODVJHQLWDOLD PDSDVGHGLVWULEXFLyQFODYHVGHLGHQWL¿FDFLyQFDWiORJR GHIyVLOHVVLVWHPiWLFD\ELRJHRJUDItD0iVUHFLHQWHPHQWH $VS|FN \ $VS|FN VLQWHWL]DURQ OD LQIRUPDFLyQ ELROyJLFD\VLVWHPiWLFDSDUDODIDXQDGH5DSKLGLRSWHUDGH 0p[LFRPLHQWDVTXH$VS|FN\&RQWUHUDV5DPRV GHVFULELHURQXQDHVSHFLHQXHYDGHOHVWDGRGH+LGDOJR
Diversidad
Megaloptera/DIDXQDPXQGLDOGH0HJDORSWHUDFRQVLVWHHQ SRFRPiVGHHVSHFLHVGHVFULWDV&RYHU\5HVK (Q0p[LFRHORUGHQFRPSUHQGHJpQHURV\HVSHFLHV &RQWUHUDV5DPRVHVGHFLUGHODIDXQD PXQGLDO(ORUGHQVHGLYLGHHQIDPLOLDV&RU\GDOLGDH\ 6LDOLGDH/DSULPHUDFRPSUHQGHODVVXEIDPLOLDV&RU\GDOLQDH \&KDXOLRGLQDH6HKDPHQFLRQDGRODSRVLELOLGDGGHXQD PD\RUFHUFDQtDHQWUH6LDOLGDH\&KDXOLRGLQDHDOSUHVHQWDU DPERVWD[RQHVHVSHFLDOL]DFLRQHVFRPRODUHGXFFLyQGHOD VHJPHQWDFLyQHQSDUWHVEXFDOHVIXVLyQGHHVWUXFWXUDVGH ODFDEH]D\UHGXFFLyQHQDSpQGLFHVJHQLWDOHV&RQWUHUDV 5DPRV
(Q 0p[LFR OD VXEIDPLOLD &RU\GDOLQDH HVWi UHSUHVHQWDGDSRUHVSHFLHVPLHQWUDVTXHODVXEIDPLOLD &KDXOLRGLQDH \ OD IDPLOLD 6LDOLGDH HVWiQ UHSUHVHQWDGDV SRU HVSHFLH FDGD XQD &XDGUR )LJ 'H PDQHUD JHQHUDO ODV HVSHFLHV GHCorydalus VH GLVWULEX\HQ HQ
WRGR HO WHUULWRULR QDFLRQDO PLHQWUDV TXH ODV HVSHFLHV
de Chloronia y Platyneuromus VH DSHJDQ PiV D XQ SDWUyQ QHRWURSLFDO ,QGLYLGXDOPHQWH HQCorydalus las
HVSHFLHV GH PD\RU GLVWULEXFLyQ VRQCorydalus luteus y
C. texanus/DSULPHUDVHGLVWULEX\HGH7H[DVD3DQDPi SDVDQGRSRUJUDQSDUWHGHOWHUULWRULRRULHQWDOGH0p[LFR SDUWLFXODUPHQWHHQ]RQDVVHPLiULGDVDOUHGHGRUGHORV P GH HOHYDFLyQ &RQWUHUDV5DPRV Corydalus texanus VH GLVWULEX\H GHVGH HO RFFLGHQWH GH (VWDGRV 8QLGRV SRU HO RFFLGHQWH GH 0p[LFR KDFLD 0RUHORV \ 9HUDFUX] D OR ODUJR GHO (MH 9ROFiQLFR 7UDQVPH[LFDQR FRQ SRVLEOH SUHVHQFLD HQ *XDWHPDOD HQ DOWLWXGHV SURPHGLR GH P VQP &RQWUHUDV5DPRV Corydalus bidenticulatusHVRWUDHVSHFLHRFFLGHQWDOSHUR VX GLVWULEXFLyQ VH UHVWULQJH D 0p[LFR /DV HVSHFLHV GH ChloroniaHVWiQDVRFLDGDVDUtRVOLPSLRVHQ]RQDVGHEDMD HOHYDFLyQ FRQ YHJHWDFLyQ WURSLFDO FRPR ORV UtRV GH OD UHJLyQ+XDVWHFD8QDHVSHFLHC. pallidaFRQGLVWULEXFLyQ RFFLGHQWDO HV HQGpPLFD GH 0p[LFRPlatyneuromus es
XQ JpQHUR UHOLFWR FRQ VyOR HVSHFLHV HQ HO PXQGR GHDPSOLDGLVWULEXFLyQ\UHVWULQJLGDVWRGDVSUHVHQWHV HQ 0p[LFR3ODW\QHXURPXV UHÀH[XV HV OD HVSHFLH FRQ GLVWULEXFLyQ PiV UHVWULQJLGD HQGpPLFD GH OD SURYLQFLD GH &KLDSDV1HRKHUPHV ¿OLFRUQLV es un representante
QHiUWLFR GH &KDXOLRGLQDH HQ HO QRURHVWH GH 0p[LFR PLHQWUDV TXH Protosialis mexicana VH GLVWULEX\H HQ 0p[LFR\&HQWURDPpULFDSHURFRQUHJLVWURVPX\HVFDVRV 3RUWDQWRODIDXQDGH0HJDORSWHUDHQ0p[LFRVyORSRVHH HVSHFLHV HQGpPLFDVChloronia pallida y Corydalus bidenticulatusQRREVWDQWHHOJpQHURPlatyneuromus es
HQGpPLFRGH0p[LFR\&HQWURDPpULFD
Especie Distribución 3URYLQFLDELRJHRJUi¿FD
Chloronia mexicana6WLW] &RU\GDOLGDH&RU\GDOLQDH &KLDSDV0RUHORV6DQ/XLV 3RWRVt7DPDXOLSDV9HUDFUX]
*ROIRGH0p[LFR(MH9ROFiQLFR 7UDQVPH[LFDQR&KLDSDV
&KORURQLDPLUL¿FD1DYiV 2D[DFD9HUDFUX] *ROIRGH0p[LFR&KLDSDV
Choronia pallida'DYLV &KLKXDKXD*XHUUHUR-DOLVFR
0LFKRDFiQ0RUHORV1D\DULW 6LHUUD0DGUH2FFLGHQWDO'HSUHVLyQGHO%DOVDV6LHUUD0DGUHGHO6XU Corydalus bidenticulatus &RQWUHUDV5DPRV
0LFKRDFiQ0RUHORV1D\DULW&ROLPD*XHUUHUR-DOLVFR
2D[DFD6LQDORD6RQRUD
6LHUUD0DGUH2FFLGHQWDO(MH9ROFiQLFR 7UDQVPH[LFDQR6LHUUD0DGUHGHO6XU
Corydalus luteus +DJHQ &KLDSDV&RDKXLOD+LGDOJR 1XHYR/HyQ2D[DFD4XHUpWDUR
6DQ/XLV3RWRVt7DEDVFR 7DPDXOLSDV9HUDFUX]
7DPDXOLSDV6LHUUD0DGUH2ULHQWDO*ROIR GH0p[LFR6LHUUD0DGUHGHO6XU&KLDSDV
Corydalus magnus &RQWUHUDV5DPRV &KLDSDV+LGDOJR3XHEOD6DQ
Especie Distribución 3URYLQFLDELRJHRJUi¿FD Corydalus peruvianus'DYLV &KLDSDV2D[DFD7DEDVFR
9HUDFUX] *ROIRGH0p[LFR6LHUUD0DGUHGHO6XU&KLDSDV
Corydalus texanus %DQNV %DMD&DOLIRUQLD%DMD&DOLIRUQLD 6XU&KLDSDV&KLKXDKXD&ROLPD 'LVWULWR)HGHUDO*XHUUHUR-DOLVFR 0LFKRDFiQ0RUHORV1D\DULW
2D[DFD3XHEOD4XHUpWDUR 6LQDORD6RQRUD\9HUDFUX]
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6RQRUD$OWLSODQR 0H[LFDQR6LHUUD0DGUH2FFLGHQWDO*ROIR
GH0p[LFR(MH9ROFiQLFR7UDQVPH[LFDQR 6LHUUD0DGUHGHO6XU&KLDSDV
Platyneuromus honduranus 1DYiV &KLDSDV &KLDSDV
3ODW\QHXURPXVUHÀH[XV*ORULRVR\)OLQW
&KLDSDV &KLDSDV
Platyneuromus soror +DJHQ &KLDSDV'LVWULWR)HGHUDO +LGDOJR(VWDGRGH0p[LFR 1XHYR/HyQ2D[DFD3XHEOD
4XHUpWDUR6DQ/XLV3RWRVt 7DPDXOLSDV9HUDFUX]
6LHUUD0DGUH2ULHQWDO*ROIRGH0p[LFR (MH9ROFiQLFR7UDQVPH[LFDQR6LHUUD0DGUH
GHO6XU&KLDSDV
1HRKHUPHV¿OLFRUQLV%DQNV &RU\GDOLGDH&KDXOLRGLQDH
%DMD&DOLIRUQLD6RQRUD &DOLIRUQLD6LHUUD0DGUH2FFLGHQWDO
Protosialis mexicana %DQNV Sialidae
&KLDSDV9HUDFUX]
*ROIRGH0p[LFR&KLDSDV
'DGD OD EDMD GLYHUVLGDG GHO JUXSR GLItFLOPHQWH VH HQFRQWUDUiQ HVSHFLHV QXHYDV HQ 0p[LFR 6LQ HPEDUJR H[LVWHQUHJLVWURVGHXQDIRUPDODUYDOTXHSRGUtDUHSUHVHQWDU XQDHVSHFLHRFFLGHQWDO6LQDORD*XHUUHURQRGHVFULWDGH Platyneuromus&RQWUHUDV5DPRV\+DUULV
(Q FXDQWR D SDWURQHV SREODFLRQDOHV VH GHVFRQRFH VL ODV HVSHFLHV GH 0HJDORSWHUD GH 0p[LFR SRVHHQ R PiV JHQHUDFLRQHVDODxR(QODWLWXGHVQHiUWLFDVH[LVWHYDULDFLyQ ODWLWXGLQDO GH JHQHUDFLyQ DO DxR HQ HO VXU D FDGD RKDVWDDxRVHQHOQRUWH%RZOHV(VWDSUHJXQWD QRHVWULYLDOGDGRTXHWHPSHUDWXUDVFiOLGDVQRJDUDQWL]DQ YDULDV JHQHUDFLRQHV DO DxR SXHV IDFWRUHV FRPR HVFDVH] GHQXWULHQWHVHQHODPELHQWHDFXiWLFRSXHGHQWDPELpQVHU OLPLWDQWHV(QJHQHUDOSXHGHGHFLUVHTXHORVPHJDOySWHURV SRVHHQ SREODFLRQHV DEXQGDQWHV SDUWLFXODUPHQWH ODV HVSHFLHVGHCorydalusHQDOWLWXGHVPHGLDVYJUCorydalus luteusHQUtRVGHOQRUHVWH/DVSREODFLRQHVGHChloronia SRVLEOHPHQWHVHDQPHQRVDEXQGDQWHVFRQODUYDVHQUtRV GHPD\RUSURIXQGLGDG\PHQRVFRPSOHMLGDGGHVXEVWUDWR Platyneuromus soror SXHGH VHU DEXQGDQWH HQ UtRV FRQ VXEVWUDWRSHGUHJRVRRURFRVRYJUHQHOHVWDGRGH1XHYR /HyQ/DHVSHFLHGH0HJDORSWHUDPiVUDUDHQ0p[LFRHV sin duda Protosialis mexicanaFX\DHVFDVH]HQFROHFFLRQHV SDUHFHVHUXQSDWUyQGHHVWDIDPLOLDHQHOQHRWUySLFR Raphidioptera.(ORUGHQ5DSKLGLRSWHUDHVXQJUXSRUHOLFWR\ FRQVLVWHGHHVSHFLHVHQHOPXQGR+DULQJHWDO GHVFULWDVHQIDPLOLDV,QRFHOOLLGDHJpQHURV\HVSHFLHV
\5DSKLGLLGDHJpQHURV\HVSHFLHV+DULQJHWDO (Q0p[LFRVHKDQUHJLVWUDGRRGHVFULWRHVSHFLHV $VS|FN \ $VS|FN $VS|FN \ &RQWUHUDV5DPRV OR FXDO UHSUHVHQWD HO GH OD IDXQD PXQGLDO 'H HVWDV HVSHFLHV SHUWHQHFHQ D 5DSKLGLLGDH \ D ,QRFHOOLGDH&XDGUR)LJ(OSDWUyQGHGLVWULEXFLyQGH ODVHVSHFLHVHQ0p[LFRD~QHVSRFRFRQRFLGRGDGRTXHORV UHJLVWURVVRQHVFDVRV\GLVSHUVRV1RREVWDQWHODVHVSHFLHVVH GLVWULEX\HQJHQHUDOPHQWHHQ]RQDVPRQWDxRVDVDXQTXHHQ ODWLWXGHVQRUWHxDVVtSXHGHQRFXSDU]RQDVGHEDMDHOHYDFLyQ 'LFKR SDWUyQ SDUHFH REHGHFHU DO UHTXHULPLHQWR GH EDMD WHPSHUDWXUDSDUDFRPSOHWDUHOFLFORGHYLGD([LVWHQUHJLVWURV GHUD¿GLySWHURVHQORVHVWDGRVGH7DPDXOLSDV1XHYR/HyQ +LGDOJRHQHOQRUHVWHDVtFRPRGHVGH%DMD&DOLIRUQLD%DMD &DOLIRUQLD 6XU &KLKXDKXD 'XUDQJR -DOLVFR 0LFKRDFiQ *XHUUHUR\0RUHORVHQRFFLGHQWHKDFLDHOVXUOOHJDQGRD 2D[DFD\&KLDSDV'HKHFKRORVUHJLVWURVPiVVXUHxRVGH UD¿GLySWHURVHQHOPXQGRVRQDOVXUGH0p[LFRHQ&KLDSDV HQHOOtPLWHFRQ*XDWHPDOD$VS|FN\$VS|FN
Figura 3.&XUYDDFXPXODWLYDGHHVSHFLHVGH5DSKLGLRSWHUDSRU DxRGHGHVFULSFLyQ
Figura 1.+iELWRGH0HJDORSWHUD\5DSKLGLRSWHUD$Chloronia mexicana6WLW]KHPEUD%Corydalus luteus +DJHQPDFKR& Platyneuromus honduranus1DYiV'Alena (Aztekoraphidia)VSKHPEUD(Agulla (A.)VSPDFKR
Figura 2.&XUYDDFXPXODWLYDGHHVSHFLHVGH0HJDORSWHUDSRUDxR GHGHVFULSFLyQ
\ $VS|FN SRU OR FXDO GDGR HO DOWR JUDGR GH HQGHPLVPRHQHOJUXSRHVGHHVSHUDUTXHVHHQFXHQWUHQ DOJXQDVHVSHFLHVQXHYDV
/RVUD¿GLySWHURVVRQUDUDYH]UHFROHFWDGRVHQ0p[LFR $VS|FN \$VS|FN OR FXDO SRGUtD UHSUHVHQWDU XQ SDWUyQ HFROyJLFR GH EDMD GHQVLGDG SREODFLRQDO (Q HO HVWDGR GH +LGDOJR VyOR VH HQFRQWUDURQ HMHPSODUHV
Especie Distribución 3URYLQFLDELRJHRJUi¿FD
5DSKLGLLGDH
Agulla (A.) bicolor$OEDUGD %DMD&DOLIRUQLD &DOLIRUQLD%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
A. (A.) arnaudi8$VS|FN %DMD&DOLIRUQLD &DOLIRUQLD%DMD&DOLIRUQLD
A. (A.) distincta %DQNV %DMD&DOLIRUQLD &DOLIRUQLD
Alena (Mexicoraphidia) americana &DUSHQWHU Morelos (MH9ROFiQLFR7UDQVPH[LFDQR
A. (Aztekoraphidia) caudata 1DYiV *XHUUHUR Sierra Madre del Sur
A. (Aztekoraphidia) infundibulata 8$VS|FN+
$VS|FN\5DXVFK 2D[DFD Sierra Madre del Sur
A. (Aztekoraphidia) schremmeri 8$VS|FN+$VS|FN
\5DXVFK 2D[DFD Sierra Madre del Sur
A. (Aztekoraphidia) minuta %DQNV &KLKXDKXD'XUDQJR\-DOLVFR 6LHUUD0DGUH2FFLGHQWDO(MH 9ROFiQLFR7UDQVPH[LFDQR
A. (Aztekoraphidia) australis %DQNV %DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU %DMD&DOLIRUQLD
A. (Aztekoraphidia) tenochtitlana 8$VS|FN\+
$VS|FN %DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU %DMD&DOLIRUQLD
A. (Aztekoraphidia) horstaspoecki 8 $VS|FN\
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV +LGDOJR Sierra Madre Oriental
,QRFHOOLLGDH
Indianoinocellia pilicornis &DUSHQWHU 1XHYR/HyQ\7DPDXOLSDV Sierra Madre Oriental
I. mayana 8$VS|FN+$VS|FN\5DXVFK &KLDSDV &KLDSDV
Negha meridionalis 8$VS|FN %DMD&DOLIRUQLD6XU %DMD&DOLIRUQLD DFXHUGRFRQ0RUURQH
Agradecimientos
*UDFLDVDORV'UHV8$VS|FN\+$VS|FNSRUHOHQYtR GH VHSDUDWDV GH VX DPSOLD REUD VREUH OD VLVWHPiWLFD GHO JUXSR$O'U)HUQDQGRÈOYDUH]SRUVXDPDEOHLQYLWDFLyQ SDUDFRQWULEXLUFRQHVWHDUWtFXOR
Literatura citada
$VS|FN 8 7KH SUHVHQW VWDWH RI NQRZOHGJH RQ WKH 5DSKLGLRSWHUD RI $PHULFD ,QVHFWD 1HXURSWHURLGHD 3ROVNLH3LVPRHQWRPRORJLF]QH
$VS|FN 8 \ + $VS|FN 8QWHUVXFKXQJHQ EHU GLH 5DSKLGLRSWHUHQ0H[LNRV,QVHFWD1HXURSWHURLGHD3ROVNLH 3LVPRHQWRPRORJLF]QH
$VS|FN8\+$VS|FN5DSKLGLRSWHUDIn%LRGLYHUVLGDG
WD[RQRPtD\ELRJHRJUDItDGHDUWUySRGRVGH0p[LFRKDFLD XQD VtQWHVLV GH VX FRQRFLPLHQWR 9RO , - ( /ORUHQWH %RXVTXHWV $ 1 *DUFtD $OGUHWH \ ( *RQ]iOH] 6RULDQR HGV 8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO $XWyQRPD GH 0p[LFR
0p[LFR')S.
$VSRFN8\+$VSRFN3K\ORJHQHWLFUHOHYDQFHRIWKH JHQLWDO VFOHULWHV RI 1HXURSWHULGD ,QVHFWD +RORPHWDEROD 6\VWHPDWLF (QWRPRORJ\
$VS|FN+8$VS|FN\+5DXVFK'LH5DSKLGLRWHUHQ GHU (UGH (LQH PRQRJUDSKLVFKH 'DUVWHOOXQJ GHU 6\VWHPDWLN 7D[RQRPLH %LRORJLH gNRORJLH XQG &KRURORJLHGHUUH]HQWHQ5DSKLGLRSWHUHQGHU(UGHPLWHLQHU ]XVDPPHQIDVVHQGHQhEHUVLFKWGHUIRVVLOHQ5DSKLGLRSWHUHQ ,QVHFWD 1HXURSWHURLGHD *RHFNH (YHUV .UHIHOG YROVS
$VS|FN8\$&RQWUHUDV5DPRVAlenaAztekoraphidia
horstaspoecki QRY VSHF D QHZ VQDNH À\ IURP 0H[LFR 5DSKLGLRSWHUD5DSKLGLLGDH'HQLVLD %RZOHV'(/LIHKLVWRU\DQGYDULDELOLW\RIVHFRQGDU\
SURGXFWLRQHVWLPDWHVIRUCorydalus cornutus0HJDORSWHUD &RU\GDOLGDH LQ DQ 2]DUN VWUHDP -RXUQDO RI$JULFXOWXUDO (QWRPRORJ\
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV$&ODYHSDUDODGHWHUPLQDFLyQGHORV 0HJDORSWHUD 1HXURSWHULGD GH 0p[LFR 'XJHVLDQD
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV $ 6\VWHPDWLFV RI WKH GREVRQÀ\
JHQXVCorydalus0HJDORSWHUD&RU\GDOLGDH7KRPDV6D\
3XEOLFDWLRQV LQ (QWRPRORJ\ 0RQRJUDSKV (QWRPRORJLFDO 6RFLHW\RI$PHULFD/DQKDP0DU\ODQGS
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV$0DWLQJEHKDYLRURIPlatyneuromus
1HZV
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV $ 0HJDORSWHUD 1HXURSWHULGDIn
%LRGLYHUVLGDGWD[RQRPtD\ELRJHRJUDItDGHDUWUySRGRVGH 0p[LFRKDFLDXQDVtQWHVLVGHVXFRQRFLPLHQWR9RO,,-/ORUHQWH%RXVTXHWV ( *RQ]iOH]6RULDQR \ 1 3DSDYHUR HGV 8QLYHUVLGDG 1DFLRQDO $XWyQRPD GH 0p[LFR 0p[LFR')S
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV$7D[RQRPLFDQGGLVWULEXWLRQDOQRWHV RQWKHGREVRQÀLHVRI(FXDGRU0HJDORSWHUD&RU\GDOLGDH 'XJHVLDQD
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV$1RWHVRQVRPH1HRWURSLFDODOGHUÀLHV 6LDOLGDH 0HJDORSWHUD $QQDOV RI WKH (QWRPRORJLFDO 6RFLHW\RI$PHULFD
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV$0HJDORSWHUD,QVHFWD1HXURSWHULGD
In &KLDSDV HVWXGLRV VREUH VX GLYHUVLGDG ELROyJLFD ) ÈOYDUH]HG8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDO$XWyQRPDGH0p[LFR 0p[LFR')S
&RQWUHUDV5DPRV$\6&+DUULV7KHLPPDWXUHVWDJHV RIPlatyneuromus &RU\GDOLGDHZLWKDNH\WRWKHJHQHUD RI ODUYDO 0HJDORSWHUD RI 0H[LFR -RXUQDO RI WKH 1RUWK $PHULFDQ%HQWKRORJLFDO6RFLHW\
&RYHU 0 5 \ 9 + 5HVK *OREDO GLYHUVLW\ RI GREVRQÀLHV¿VKÀLHVDQGDOGHUÀLHV0HJDORSWHUDLQVHFWD DQGVSRQJLOODÀLHVQHYURUWKLGVDQGRVP\OLGV1HXURSWHUD ,QVHFWDLQIUHVKZDWHU+\GURELRORJLD )OLQW26-U1HXURSWHUDDQG0HJDORSWHUD/DFHZLQJV
+HOOJUDPPLWHVHWFFROOHFWHGRQDQGQHDU3OXPPHUV,VODQG 0DU\ODQG LQ DQG %XOOHWLQ RI WKH %LRORJLFDO 6RFLHW\RI:DVKLQJWRQ
)OLQW26-U('(YDQV\++1HX]LQJ0HJDORSWHUD
DQGDTXDWLF1HXURSWHUDIn$QLQWURGXFWLRQWRWKH$TXDWLF LQVHFWV RI 1RUWK $PHULFD D HG : 0HUULWW . : &XPPLQV \ 0 % %HUJ HGV .HQGDOO+XQW 3XEOLVKLQJ FRPSDQ\'XEXTXH,RZDS
*ORULRVR0-6\VWHPDWLFVRIWKHGREVRQÀ\VXEIDPLO\ &RU\GDOLQDH 0HJDORSWHUD &RU\GDOLGDH 6\VWHPDWLF (QWRPRORJ\
*ORULRVR0-\26)OLQW-U$UHYLHZRIWKHJHQXV
Platyneuromus ,QVHFWD 1HXURSWHUD &RU\GDOLGDH 3URFHHGLQJV RI WKH %LRORJLFDO 6RFLHW\ RI :DVKLQJWRQ
+DULQJ(+$VS|FN'%DUWHO\8$VS|FN0ROHFXODU SK\ORJHQ\RIWKH5DSKLGLLGDH5DSKLGLRSWHUD6\VWHPDWLF (QWRPRORJ\
.ULVWHQVHQ133K\ORJHQ\RIH[WDQWKH[DSRGVIn7KH
LQVHFWVRI$XVWUDOLDYRO&6,52HG&RUQHOO8QLYHUVLW\ 3UHVV,WKDFD1HZ<RUNS
0RUURQH--%LRJHRJUDItDGH$PpULFD/DWLQD\HO&DULEH 0 7±0DQXDOHV 7HVLV6($YRO=DUDJR]DS 0RUURQH - - %LRJHRJUDSKLF DUHDV DQG WUDQVLWLRQ
]RQHV RI /DWLQ $PHULFD DQG WKH &DULEEHDQ LVODQGV EDVHG RQ SDQELRJHRJUDSKLF DQG FODGLVWLF DQDO\VHV RI WKH HQWRPRIDXQD$QQXDO5HYLHZRI(QWRPRORJ\ 3HQQ\ 1 ' \ 2 6 )OLQW -U $ UHYLVLRQ RI WKH JHQXV
Chloronia 1HXURSWHUD &RU\GDOLGDH 6PLWKVRQLDQ &RQWULEXWLRQVWR=RRORJ\
