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Actas del I Congreso Internacional

de la Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación

A little knowledge is a dangerous thing...

Andrew Samuel W

ALSH

Universidad de Granada

Como citar este artículo:

WALSH, Andrew Samuel (2003) «A little knowledge is a dangerous thing...», en MUÑOZ MARTÍN, Ricardo [ed.] I AIETI. Actas del I Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Ibérica de Estudios de Traducción e Interpretación. Granada 12-14 de Febrero de 2003. Granada: AIETI. Vol. n.º 2, pp. 403-407. ISBN 84-933360-0-9.

Versión electrónica disponible en la web de la AIETI:

<http://www.aieti.eu/pubs/actas/I/AIETI_1_ASW_Knowledge.pdf>.

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