UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS PROCESSOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PARA SISTEMAS MULTIAGENTES

Texto completo

(1)UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS PROCESSOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PARA SISTEMAS MULTIAGENTES. Iderli Souza Filho 1 Iderli Pereira de Souza Filho 2 Gilleanes Thorwald Araujo Guedes 3. Resumo: Sistemas multiagentes (SMAs) constituem uma área da Inteligência Artificial Distribuída, que se difere da Inteligência artificial (IA) tradicional pois tenta dividir um problema em diversos subproblemas mais simples, buscando assim chegar a uma solução mais rapidamente. O conceito de agente de software segundo o artigo Introdução a Sistemas Multiagente (Silveira, 2006) diz que um agente de software é uma entidade que funciona de forma contínua e autônoma em um ambiente particular. Muitas vezes um agente de software atua no ambiente com outros agentes, sendo capaz de intervir no seu próprio ambiente, sem requerer intervenção humana. O desenvolvimento de sistemas multiagentes produziu novos desafios tanto para a Engenharia de Software como para a Inteligência Artificial, o que implicou na necessidade de criar processos de desenvolvimento de software exclusivos para este tipo de software. Podemos definir a importância de processos de software tendo como base o livro Engenharia de software (PRESSMAN, 2006), nele é dito que processos de software são importantes pois propiciam estabilidade, controle e organização. Ou seja, os processos de software evitam que o desenvolvimento ocorra de forma caótica, fazendo com que os produtos de trabalho sejam apropriados para a equipe de projeto, tendo uma garantia maior do produto ser entregue. Considerando a necessidade de processos de desenvolvimento de software particulares para sistemas multiagentes, pretendemos neste artigo demonstrar o estado da arte destes tipos de processo atualmente existentes com o objetivo de identificar as vantagens e desvantagens de cada um e identificar as suas possíveis lacunas. Como resultado da pesquisa realizada chegamos a um total de 14 processos analisados, Gaia, Gaia2Jade, RoadMap, PROMETHEUS, Mase, O-MaSE, ROMAS, ADELFE, Message, ASPECS, PASSIM, PASSI, Agile Passi e INGENIAS. Para este trabalho foi descrito 4 processos, dos 14 analisados, ASPECS (Massimo Cossentino Et al., 2014), ADELFE (Bonjean Et al, 2014), O-MaSE (Scott Deloach Et al, 2014) e PASSI (Massimo Cossentino Et al, 2014). Estes processos foram escolhidos para representar uma diferença entre os focos dos processos, visto que os descritos diferem em seus objetivos e especificações no ciclo de vida.. Palavras-chave: Engenharia de software, MAS, AOSE, ES, Processos, Sistemas multiagente, Agente,.

(2) Software. Modalidade de Participação: Iniciação Científica. UMA ANÁLISE SOBRE OS PROCESSOS DE DESENVOLVIMENTO PARA SISTEMAS MULTIAGENTES 1 Aluno de graduação. iderlisouzaf@gmail.com. Autor principal 2 Aluno de graduação. juninho270199iderli@gmail.com. Apresentador 3 Docente. gilleanesguedes@unipampa.edu.br. Orientador. Anais do 10º SALÃO INTERNACIONAL DE ENSINO, PESQUISA E EXTENSÃO - SIEPE Universidade Federal do Pampa | Santana do Livramento, 6 a 8 de novembro de 2018.

(3) 80$ $1È/,6( 62%5( 26 352&(6626 '( '(6(192/9,0(172 3$5$ 6,67(0$6 08/7,$*(17(6 ,1752'8d-2 6LVWHPDV PXOWLDJHQWHV 60$V FRQVWLWXHP XPD iUHD GD ,QWHOLJrQFLD $UWLILFLDO 'LVWULEXtGD TXH VH GLIHUH GD ,QWHOLJrQFLD DUWLILFLDO ,$ WUDGLFLRQDO SRLV WHQWD GLYLGLU XP SUREOHPD HP GLYHUVRV VXESUREOHPDV PDLV VLPSOHV EXVFDQGR DVVLP FKHJDU D XPD VROXomR PDLV UDSLGDPHQWH 2 FRQFHLWR GH DJHQWH GH VRIWZDUH VHJXQGR R DUWLJR ,QWURGXomR D 6LVWHPDV 0XOWLDJHQWH 6LOYHLUD GL] TXH XP DJHQWH GH VRIWZDUH p XPD HQWLGDGH TXH IXQFLRQD GH IRUPD FRQWtQXD H DXW{QRPD HP XP DPELHQWH SDUWLFXODU 0XLWDV YH]HV XP DJHQWH GH VRIWZDUH DWXD QR DPELHQWH FRP RXWURV DJHQWHV VHQGR FDSD] GH LQWHUYLU QR VHX SUySULR DPELHQWH VHP UHTXHUHU LQWHUYHQomR KXPDQD 2 GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VLVWHPDV PXOWLDJHQWHV SURGX]LX QRYRV GHVDILRV WDQWR SDUD D (QJHQKDULD GH 6RIWZDUH FRPR SDUD D ,QWHOLJrQFLD $UWLILFLDO R TXH LPSOLFRX QD QHFHVVLGDGH GH FULDU SURFHVVRV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VRIWZDUH H[FOXVLYRV SDUD HVWH WLSR GH VRIWZDUH 3RGHPRV GHILQLU D LPSRUWkQFLD GH SURFHVVRV GH VRIWZDUH WHQGR FRPR EDVH R OLYUR (QJHQKDULD GH VRIWZDUH 35(660$1 QHOH p GLWR TXH SURFHVVRV GH VRIWZDUH VmR LPSRUWDQWHV SRLV SURSLFLDP HVWDELOLGDGH FRQWUROH H RUJDQL]DomR 2X VHMD RV SURFHVVRV GH VRIWZDUH HYLWDP TXH R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR RFRUUD GH IRUPD FDyWLFD ID]HQGR FRP TXH RV SURGXWRV GH WUDEDOKR VHMDP DSURSULDGRV SDUD D HTXLSH GH SURMHWR WHQGR XPD JDUDQWLD PDLRU GR SURGXWR VHU JHUDGR &RQVLGHUDQGR D QHFHVVLGDGH GH SURFHVVRV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VRIWZDUH SDUWLFXODUHV SDUD VLVWHPDV PXOWLDJHQWHV SUHWHQGHPRV QHVWH DUWLJR GHPRQVWUDU R HVWDGR GD DUWH GHVWH WLSR GH SURFHVVRV DWXDOPHQWH H[LVWHQWHV FRP R REMHWLYR GH LGHQWLILFDU DV YDQWDJHQV H GHVYDQWDJHQV GH FDGD XP H LGHQWLILFDU DV VXDV SRVVtYHLV ODFXQDV 0(72'2/2*,$ 3DUD D FROHWD GH GDGRV IRUDP XWLOL]DGDV SHVTXLVDV HP VLWHV GH EXVFDV FRPR 6FLHQFH'LUHFW 6FRSXV ,((( ;SORUH OLEUDU\ H $&0 'LJLWDO OLEUDU\ $V EXVFDV XWLOL]DGDV IRUDP ³PXOWLDJHQW V\VWHP SURFHVV´ ³GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV IRU PXOWLDJHQW V\VWHPV´ ³DJLOH PXOWLDJHQW V\VWHP SURFHVV´ ³LQFUHPHQWDO PXOWLDJHQW V\VWHP SURFHVV´ H ³PXOWLDJHQW V\VWHP GHYHORSPHQW SURFHVV´ 2XWUD IRQWH GH SHVTXLVD IRL R OLYUR ³+DQGERRN RQ $JHQW 2ULHQWHG GHVLJQ 3URFHVV´ GH 0DVVLPR &RVVHQWLQR HW DO 5(68/7$'26 H ',6&866-2 &RPR UHVXOWDGR GD SHVTXLVD UHDOL]DGD FKHJDPRV D XP WRWDO GH SURFHVVRV DQDOLVDGRV *DLD *DLD -DGH 5RDG0DS 3520(7+(86 0DVH 2 0D6( 520$6 $'(/)( 0HVVDJH $63(&6 3$66,0 3$66, $JLOH 3DVVL H ,1*(1,$6 1D DQiOLVH UHDOL]DGD IRUDP OHYDQWDGRV SRQWRV UHOHYDQWHV GHVWHV SURFHVVRV DWUDYpV GH XP HVWXGR VREUH RV IXQGDPHQWRV GH FDGD SURFHVVR H GH VHX FLFOR GH YLGD 8P GRV SRQWRV REVHUYDGRV p TXH QD PDLRULD GRV FDVRV R IRFR SULQFLSDO p QD iUHD GH HQJHQKDULD GH UHTXLVLWRV HWDSD GD HQJHQKDULD GH VRIWZDUH YROWDGD D GHVFREULU RV UHTXLVLWRV H IXQFLRQDOLGDGHV GR VRIWZDUH 2XWUD REVHUYDomR IHLWD p TXH D PDLRULD GRV SURFHVVRV VH EDVHLD VRPHQWH QD OLQJXDJHP GH PRGHODJHP 80/ RX HP H[WHQV}HV GD PHVPD SDUD GHILQLU VXDV HWDSDV. $QDLV GR ž 6$/-2 ,17(51$&,21$/ '( (16,12 3(648,6$ ( (;7(16-2 6,(3( 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR 3DPSD œ 6DQWDQD GR /LYUDPHQWR D GH QRYHPEUR GH.

(4) 3DUD H[HPSOLILFDU R IXQFLRQDPHQWR GHVWHV SURFHVVRV QRV SUy[LPRV WySLFRV VHUi DSUHVHQWDGR R IXQFLRQDPHQWR H R FLFOR GH YLGD GH DOJXQV SURFHVVRV YROWDGRV D 0$6 2 SURFHVVR $63(&6 2 SURFHVVR $63(&6 0DVVLPR &RVVHQWLQR (W DO p XWLOL]DGR SDUD GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VLVWHPDV PXOWLDJHQWH TXH FRPELQHP DUTXLWHWXUD RUJDQL]DFLRQDO KRO{QLFD VHJXQGR R DUWLJR $UTXLWHWXUDV RUJDQL]DFLRQDLV KRO{QLFDV 0DWKHZV SRGHPRV GHILQLU XPD DUTXLWHWXUD KRO{QLFD FRPR XPD DUTXLWHWXUD FXMR D FRQTXLVWD GD RUGHP GR VLVWHPD VXUJH FRPR XPD TXHVWmR GH FRRUGHQDomR GH HQWLGDGHV VHPL DXW{QRPDV HP YH] GH FRQWUROH FHQWUDOL]DGR VREUH DV SURSULDV RSHUDo}HV H DERUGDJHQV RUJDQL]DFLRQDLV SDUD IDFLOLWDU R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VRIWZDUHV PDLV FRPSOH[RV 2 UHVXOWDGR p XP FRQMXQWR GH DEVWUDo}HV RULHQWDGDV SDUD D RUJDQL]DomR TXH IRUDP LQWHJUDGDV HP XP SURFHVVR PHWRGROyJLFR FRPSOHWR 2 FLFOR GH YLGD GR SURFHVVR $63(&6 GHILQH WUrV HWDSDV SULQFLSDLV DQiOLVH GH UHTXLVLWRV SURMHWR GD VRFLHGDGH GH DJHQWH H LPSOHPHQWDomR FRPR SRGH VHU REVHUYDGR QD ILJXUD 1D HWDSD GH DQiOLVH GH UHTXLVLWRV WUDEDOKD VH FRP WUrV WLSRV GH UHTXLVLWRV UHTXLVLWRV GH GRPtQLR UHTXLVLWRV RUJDQL]DFLRQDLV H UHTXLVLWRV GH VLVWHPD 3DUD DQDOLVDU FDGD XP GRV WLSRV GH UHTXLVLWRV p QHFHVViULR XWLOL]DU DUWHIDWRV HVSHFtILFRV FRPR FDVRV GH XVR RX PRGHOR GH SDSpLV. )LJXUD. &LFOR GH YLGD $63(&6. )RQWH 0DVVLPR &RVVHQWLQR HW DO. 1D VHJXQGD HWDSD p UHDOL]DGR R SURMHWR GD VRFLHGDGH GH DJHQWH 3DUD LVVR VmR GHILQLGRV DOJXPDV WpFQLFDV TXH GHYHP VHU FXPSULGDV DR UHDOL]DU HVVD HWDSD GR SURFHVVR $V WpFQLFDV GHILQLGDV SDUD R SURMHWR VmR ” ” ” ”. 5HILQDU GR SRQWR GH YLVWD VRFLDO RQWRORJLDV SDSpLV H LQWHUDo}HV 0DSHDU D HVWUXWXUD RUJDQL]DFLRQDO KLHUiUTXLFD HP XPD KRODUTXLD ,QVWDQFLDU RUJDQL]Do}HV HP IRUPDV GH JUXSRV LGHQWLILFDQGR IXQo}HV SDUD KRORQV H DJHQWHV 0HVFODU RV HOHPHQWRV SDUD REWHU R FRQMXQWR FRPSOHWR GH KRO{QLFRV HQYROYLGRV QD VROXomR. )LQDOPHQWH QD HWDSD GH LPSOHPHQWDomR R VRIWZDUH Mi DQDOLVDGR H SURMHWDGR GHYH VHU FRGLILFDGR. $QDLV GR ž 6$/-2 ,17(51$&,21$/ '( (16,12 3(648,6$ ( (;7(16-2 6,(3( 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR 3DPSD œ 6DQWDQD GR /LYUDPHQWR D GH QRYHPEUR GH.

(5) $'(/)( $'(/)( %RQMHDQ (W DO p XPD VLJOD HP IUDQFrV TXH VLJQLILFD ³$WHOLHU GH 'HYHORSSHPHQW GH /RJLFLHOV D )RQFWLRQQDOLWp (PHUJHQWH´ TXH WUDGX]LQGR VLJQLILFD :RUNVKRS GH 'HVHQYROYLPHQWR GH 6RIWZDUH FRP )XQFLRQDOLGDGH (PHUJHQWH $ 0HWRGRORJLD $'(/)( p GHGLFDGD D DSOLFDo}HV FDUDFWHUL]DGDV SHOD QHFHVVLGDGH GH DGDSWDomR GR VLVWHPD HP UHODomR DR DPELHQWH 2 SULQFLSDO REMHWLYR GHVWD PHWRGRORJLD p DMXGDU D RULHQWDU RV SURMHWLVWDV GXUDQWH R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH XP 6LVWHPD PXOWLDJHQWH DGDSWDWLYR $0$6 e UHFRPHQGDGR XWLOL]DU FRPR OLQJXDJHP GH PRGHODJHP SDUD $'(/)( D 80/ 2 FLFOR GH YLGD GD PHWRGRORJLD $'(/)( FRQVLVWH HP HWDSDV TXH VmR FKDPDGDV GH 'HILQLo}HV GH WUDEDOKR FRPR SRGH VHU REVHUYDGR QD ILJXUD $ SULPHLUD HWDSD UHSUHVHQWD XPD GHVFULomR GDV HVSHFLILFDo}HV HQWUH FOLHQWHV XVXiULRV H SURMHWLVWDV VREUH R TXH GHYH VHU R VLVWHPD MXQWDPHQWH FRP VXDV OLPLWDo}HV H UHVWULo}HV HVWD HWDSD p FKDPDGD GH 5HTXLVLWRV SUHOLPLQDUHV $SyV DGTXLULU RV UHTXLVLWRV SUHOLPLQDUHV D SUy[LPD HWDSD p FKDPDGD GH UHTXLVLWRV ILQDLV RQGH RV UHTXLVLWRV VmR WUDQVIRUPDGRV HP PRGHORV GH FDVRV GH XVR H WDPEpP VXDV SULRULGDGHV VmR RUJDQL]DGDV H JHUHQFLDGDV $ WHUFHLUD HWDSD D HWDSD GH $QiOLVH VHUYH SDUD GHILQLU XPD YLVmR FRPSUHHQVLYD GR VLVWHPD H VXD HVWUXWXUD WDPEpP WHP FRPR IXQomR LGHQWLILFDU VH D WHRULD $0$6 p QHFHVViULD 1D HWDSD GH SURMHWR GHYH VHU IHLWR XP GHWDOKDPHQWR GD DUTXLWHWXUD GR VLVWHPD ( QD ~OWLPD HWDSD IDVH GH LPSOHPHQWDomR GHYH VHU IHLWD D SURJUDPDomR GR VLVWHPD )LJXUD. &LFOR GH YLGD $'(/)(. )RQWH 0DVVLPR &RVVHQWLQR. 2 0D6( 2 0D6( 6FRWW 'HORDFK (W DO QDVFHX FRP R REMHWLYR GH VHUYLU GH PHOKRULD SDUD D PHWRGRORJLD 0$6( 6HJXQGR 'H/RDFK PXLWDV GDV IRUPDV WUDGLFLRQDLV GH GHVHQYROYHU VRIWZDUH QmR HQFDL[DP QR SDUDGLJPD PXOWLDJHQWH &RP LVVR IRL REVHUYDGR D QHFHVVLGDGH GH FULDU XP FLFOR GH YLGD SDUD GHVHQYROYHU VLVWHPDV PXOWLDJHQWH 2 WUDEDOKR GD 2 0D6( p RULHQWDU R GHVHQYROYHGRU D REWHU XP FRQMXQWR LQLFLDO GH UHTXLVLWRV DQDOLVDU SURMHWDU H LPSOHPHQWDU XP VLVWHPD PXOWLDJHQWH IXQFLRQDO $ PHWRGRORJLD 2 0D6( p DEHUWD SDUD DGDSWDo}HV SRUpP H[LVWHP SDSpLV TXH VmR UHFRQKHFLGRV SHOD PHWRGRORJLD HOHV VmR HQJHQKHLUR GH UHTXLVLWRV PRGHODGRU GH PHWDV PRGHODGRU GH GRPtQLR PRGHODGRU GH RUJDQL]DomR PRGHODGRU GH IXQo}HV PRGHODGRU GH FODVVHV GH DJHQWHV PRGHODGRU GH SURWRFRORV PRGHODGRU GH SROtWLFDV PRGHODGRU GH SODQRV PRGHODGRU GH FDSDFLGDGHV PRGHODGRU GH Do}HV H SURJUDPDGRU &DGD SDSHO WHP VHXV UHVSHFWLYRV WUDEDOKRV H p UHVSRQViYHO SRU SURGX]LU SURGXWRV 2V SURGXWRV GH WUDEDOKR D VHUHP JHUDGRV YmR YDULDU GH DFRUGR FRP jV QHFHVVLGDGHV GR SURMHWR SRUpP RV SURGXWRV GH WUDEDOKR PDLV FRPXQV SRGHP VHU REVHUYDGRV QD ILJXUD. $QDLV GR ž 6$/-2 ,17(51$&,21$/ '( (16,12 3(648,6$ ( (;7(16-2 6,(3( 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR 3DPSD œ 6DQWDQD GR /LYUDPHQWR D GH QRYHPEUR GH.

(6) )LJXUD. 3ULQFLSDLV SURGXWRV GH WUDEDOKR GD PHWRGRORJLD 2 0$6(. )RQWH 6FRWW 'HORDFK HW DO. 3$66, 3$66, 0DVVLPR &RVVHQWLQR (W DO VLJQLILFD 3URFHVV IRU $JHQW 6RFLHWLHV 6SHFLILFDWLRQ DQG ,PSOHPHQWDWLRQ 3URFHVVR SDUD (VSHFLILFDomR H ,PSOHPHQWDomR GH 6RFLHGDGHV GH $JHQWHV p XPD PHWRGRORJLD SDUD GHVHQYROYLPHQWR 60$V $ PHWRGRORJLD 3$66, XWLOL]D D QRWDomR 80/ H GLYHUVRV PRGHORV H IDVHV SDUD D H[HFXomR GR SURFHVVR 2 FLFOR GH YLGD GR 3$66, LQFOXL FLQFR IDVHV RUJDQL]DGDV HP XP PRGHOR GH SURFHVVR LWHUDWLYR LQFUHPHQWDO )LJXUD )LJXUD. 3ULQFLSDLV SURGXWRV GH WUDEDOKR GD PHWRGRORJLD 2 0$6(. )RQWH 0DVVLPR &RVVHQWLQR. $ SULPHLUD IDVH GR FLFOR GH YLGD 3$66, p D HVSHFLILFDomR GRV UHTXLVLWRV GR VLVWHPD HVWD IDVH DEUDQJH WRGDV DV IDVHV UHODFLRQDGDV D HOLFLWDomR GH UHTXLVLWRV DQiOLVH GH UHTXLVLWRV H LGHQWLILFDomR GH DJHQWHV H VXDV IXQo}HV $ SUy[LPD IDVH p D GH VRFLHGDGH GH DJHQWH RQGH VmR DERUGDGRV RV DVSHFWRV GH VRFLHGDGH GH DJHQWHV FRPR RQWRORJLD FRPXQLFDo}HV GHVFULomR GH IXQo}HV H SURWRFRORV GH LQWHUDomR 3DUD D WHUFHLUD HWDSD VmR LPSOHPHQWDGRV RV DJHQWHV ,VWR VLJQLILFD TXH p GDGR XPD YLVmR GD DUTXLWHWXUD GR VLVWHPD HP WHUPRV GH FODVVHV H PpWRGRV SDUD GHVFUHYHU D HVWUXWXUD H R FRPSRUWDPHQWR GH DJHQWHV 1D HWDSD GH FyGLJR GHYH VH GHVHQYROYHU R FyGLJR IRQWH GR VLVWHPD ( QD HWDSD GH LPSOHPHQWDomR ILQDOL]DQGR R FLFOR GH YLGD GHYH VH HVSHFLILFDU UHVWULo}HV SDUD R DJHQWH SDUD PLJUDo}HV H PRELOLGDGH &216,'(5$d®(6 ),1$,6 1D HQJHQKDULD GH VRIWZDUH FRQYHQFLRQDO H[LVWHP YDULDGRV SURFHVVRV GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GHVGH SURFHVVRV SUDJPiWLFRV FRPR &DVFDWD DWp SURFHVVRV HYROXFLRQiULRV &RP HVWD YDULHGDGH GH SURFHVVRV H[LVWHQWHV p SDSHO GR HQJHQKHLUR GH VRIWZDUH UHFRQKHFHU R TXH PHOKRU VH DGHTXD DR VHX FDVR GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR (VWH WUDEDOKR UHDOL]RX XPD DQiOLVH GRV SURFHVVRV YROWDGRV D VLVWHPDV PXOWLDJHQWHV SDUD TXH ILTXH PDLV FODUR H SUiWLFR ID]HU D GHFLVmR GH TXDO SURFHVVR DSOLFDU HP FDGD FDVR GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR &RP D SHVTXLVD UHDOL]DGD IRL HQFRQWUDGR XP WRWDO GH SURFHVVRV SDUD FDGD SURFHVVR IRL HVSHFLILFDGR TXDO R VHX IRFR H TXDLV VmR DV DWLYLGDGHV HP VHX FLFOR GH YLGD. $QDLV GR ž 6$/-2 ,17(51$&,21$/ '( (16,12 3(648,6$ ( (;7(16-2 6,(3( 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR 3DPSD œ 6DQWDQD GR /LYUDPHQWR D GH QRYHPEUR GH.

(7) &RP LVVR SRGHPRV FRQFOXLU TXH DV DWLYLGDGHV IHLWDV QHVWH WUDEDOKR SRGHP FRQWULEXLU FRP R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH VLVWHPDV PXOWLDJHQWHV DX[LOLDQGR RV HQJHQKHLURV GH VRIWZDUH D HVFROKHUHP H HQWHQGHUHP RV SURFHVVRV SDUD FDGD FDVR 5()(5Ç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mR 3DXOR 0DNURQ ERRNV 6,/9(,5$ 5LFDUGR $]DPEXMD ,QWURGXomR D 6LVWHPDV 0XOWLDJHQWH 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GH 6DQWD &DWDULQD 8)6&. $QDLV GR ž 6$/-2 ,17(51$&,21$/ '( (16,12 3(648,6$ ( (;7(16-2 6,(3( 8QLYHUVLGDGH )HGHUDO GR 3DPSD œ 6DQWDQD GR /LYUDPHQWR D GH QRYHPEUR GH.

(8)